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THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
Gold-ftriped-leaved Elder. 
Silver-ftriped-leaved Elder. 
Siiver-dufted-leaved Elder. 
2. Saxieucus racemofa —Racemofe-flowering, er 
Red-berried Elder. 
A fmaller, deciduous tree, of Ihrub-like growth, 
ten to fifteen feet high—the Hems arboreous; leaves 
()mailer, dark-green) pinnated, of two and one pair 
of lobes, terminated by an odd one; flowers in com¬ 
pound, oval clufters, lucceeded by bunches of red 
berries.—Native of the fouthern parts of Europe. 
( Any foil.) 
3 . Sambucus canadenfu —Canada, under-lhrubby 
Elder. 
A deciduous, under-lhrubby plant—-the Item Ihrub- 
by; leaves (middling) fub-bipinnated, or doubly-wing¬ 
ed, and ternate; and cymofe, five-parted umbellate 
bunches of flowers.—Native of Canada. (Any /oil.) 
Of thefe three fpecies of Sambucus, the Common 
Elder is that the molt generally known and cultivated; 
planted principally in out-parts, both in ftandardsfor 
their berries, and in hedges for outward fences, either 
to run up rough to afford plenty of berries for Elder 
Wine, or the hedge kept down low and clofe, by annual 
clipping, &c. though this, and its varieties, are alfo ad¬ 
mitted in large ornamental tree plantations, to diverfffy 
the .colle&km; as likewife the other two fpecies are 
introduced for the fame occafion; all of which, how¬ 
ever, are admitted in fuch plantations more for variety 
than ornament; and as Elders in general, when in flow¬ 
er, impart a ftrong, difagreeable, -unwholefome fcertt, 
they are not proper to plant near habitations, or much- 
frequented walks, &c. 
They are all very hardy to grow in any foil and fitn- 
ation; and the Common Black Elder grows any where, 
in lhady or open expofures, moilt or dry places, fides of 
ditches, or tops of dry banks, and often grow out of 
©reviccs of old walls, from fcattered feeds; and which, 
and all the other forts, are raifed plentifully by cuttings 
of the young lhoots, thruft into the ground in autumn 
or fpring, which will readily ftrike root below, and 
Ihoot above,. 
But in regard to the Common Elder, when defigned 
to cultivate the trees, either in ftandards or hedges, the 
black-berried fort Ihould be principally ufed, and is the 
proper fort to cultivate for its berries for Elder Wine; 
and which may be trained, both in detached Angle 
ftandards, in hedge-rows, or along the fides of ditches 
and banks, or in any bye or wafte grounds, or planted for 
hedges for outward fences; and, if in which it is re¬ 
quired for a production of berries, Ihould be permitted 
to run up rough at fides and top: and in all of which, 
the trees will produce abundant annual crops of berries, 
ripening in Auguft and September, and are then valua¬ 
ble to gather, with which to make that mod excellent 
cordial called Elder Wine, being a very agreeable be¬ 
verage in winter and cold weather, when made warm 
and properly fweetened. 
Or Elder Trees may alfo be admitted in timber or 
foreft-tree plantations, or places by themfelves, to grow 
large for that purpofe; as, when old, the wood is hard, 
and is fometimes fubftituted inftead of box-wood, for 
fome occafions. 
The Common Elder is alfo employed occaftonally, 
in forming fencible hedges expeditioufly in outward 
boundaries, along the tops or fides of banks, or fides of 
ditches, &c. is effefted by planting cuttings of the 
ftrong young lhoots in the autumn or fpring, planted in 
the place where the hedge is intended; either in Ihort 
cuttings, half a yard or two feet length, thruft down or 
introduced into the earth half-way, a footafunder; or, 
if larger ftrong fets of a yard or two long, infert them 
either into the top or fide of a bank, flaming or upright, 
or on level ground, as may be required, planted the dif-* 
tance as above; or alfo ftrong cuttings of three, four, 
or five feet, may be planted flanting, the way of the 
row, acrofs one another, chequer ways, to form an im¬ 
mediate fence ; they will all readily ftrike root, and 
Ihoot ftrongly at top; obfcrving, as thefe hedges will 
Ihoot vigoroully, they Ihould be kept regular by clip¬ 
ping them every year, that they may grow clofe and 
thick from the bottom upward, to render them effectual 
fences. 
The propagation of Elders for general ufes, is prin¬ 
cipally by cuttings of the ftrong (hoots, as already in¬ 
timated; and occaftonally by the feed or berries; but 
as cuttings is confiderably the rnoft expeditious, that me¬ 
thod of propagation Ihould be generally pradtifed; and 
they may be planted any time in open weather, from 
September to March. 
Chufe always cuttings of the young lhoots of laft 
fummer, one, two, or three feet, of ftraight, clean 
growth, or occaftonally longer fets of four or live feet 
length, or more; all planted either in the places where 
they are to remain, or fmall ones in a nurfery, to raife 
rooted plants of a year or two old, for particular occa¬ 
fions, inferting the cuttings in general, fix or eight to 
ten or twelve inches, or more, according to their length : 
may either be planted with a dibble, or the ends (harp- 
ened and thruft into the ground; they will all root free¬ 
ly and (hoot at top in ftrong growth in the fpring and 
fummer. 
Likowife by feed or berries, thefe ripening in au¬ 
tumn. 
