205 
The use of shingles in this State is borrowed from England. In Gilbert 
White’s Natural History of Selborne, at Letter IV of the “Antiquities of Selborne,” 
he speaks of their value and durability for roofing in the following passage:— 
The whole roof of the south aisle, and the south side of the roof of the middle aisle, is covered 
with oaken shingles instead of tiles on account of their lightness, which favours the ancient and crazy 
timber frame. And, indeed, the consideration of accidents by fire excepted, this sort of roofing is much 
more eligible than tiles. For shingles well seasoned, and cleft from quartered timber, never warp, nor let 
in drifting snow; nor do they shiver with frost; nor are they liable to be blown off, like tiles ; but, when 
well nailed down, last for a long period, as experience has shown us in this place, where those that face to 
the north are known to have endured, untouched, by undoubted tradition, for more than a century. 
Exudations. — (a) Astringent: This tree yields a dark brown kino, which 
(amongst the kinos already known) is perhaps characteristic. When freshly exuded 
it has much the colour and viscosity of molasses, and has a somewhat vinous odour 
not easily described. In the course of a day or two it solidifies into a friable mass. 
It is highly astringent. ( b ) Saccharine : The Rev. Dr. Woolls first drew attention 
to the existence of manna in this species. I have seen manna on this tree frequently, 
hut only on the edges of leaves which have been eaten by some insect. 
Mr. H. G. Smith,* however, records (and gives a full account of) a saccharine 
exudation whose origin does not appear to be clear. “ When exuding it must have 
been liquid, as it had run down the tree.” The material obtained was more or less 
mixed with bark and debris, caused by boring beetles. An exudation of this character 
is very interesting, and I only know of one other instance of the kind, i.e., where a 
saccharine mass from E. Stuartiana, Dalgety, Snowy River, was sent to me a few 
years ago. Mr. Smith’s analysis is ample, but we require further investigation in 
regard to the physiological aspect, i.e., the way in which sugar in such large 
quantities has been manufactured, and has exuded from the tissues of the plant. 
Size. —A tree of large size, although not of the largest. Its height may he 
given as, say, 60 to 80 feet, with a diameter of 2 or 3 feet. 
Habitat. —It appears to he confined to New South Wales. It is found in 
the coast districts and main dividing range and spurs. Conjola, near Milton, 
appears to be the most southerly locality recorded. In the north it has been 
collected as far as Lismorc. In the west it occurs near the Jenolan Caves, at 
Capertee, and Rylstone. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 37. 
A. Sucker leaf. 
b. Flower-bearing twig. 
c. Fruits. 
u. Fruits of variety grandijtora , Deane and Maiden. 
* “On the saccharine and astringent exudations of the Grey Gum (Eucalyptus punctata , DC.), and on a product 
allied to aromadendrin.”— \Journ. Roy. Soc., N.S. IT., p. 177 (1897).] 
