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The fruits can be provisionally classified according to the columella, viz.:— 
Columella, a single triangular pyramid : verrucosa, robusta, columellaris, 
propinqua, Muelleri. Columella, more than one, and irregular in shape (perhaps 
formed of aborted ovules) : calcarata, cupressiformis, Macleayana. 
The colour of the cones is greyish-brown. C. robusta, C. columellaris, and 
C. Macleayana are rather dull as regards lustre; C. propinqua, C. calcarata, 
C. Muelleri, and C. cupressiformis are usually of the degree of lustre known as 
“ egg-shell ”; Q. verrucosa is often dull, but sometimes the fruits are of a greasy 
lustre. 
Some of the fruits have points on the scales or valves. Tor example, 
C. calcarata was specifically named because of these points. They are marked in 
C. cupressiformis, particularly in the variety mucronata. The fruits of C. verrucosa 
are covered with rounded wart-like swellings, as has already been stated. 
Seeds. —The seeds vary in shape somewhat, as may be seen from the 
drawings. They vary somewhat in the number and shape of the wings. The seeds 
of C. Macleayana are different from those of the other species. 
An attempt will be made later on to describe the colour of the seeds of some 
of the various species ; the colours vary somewhat, but we do not yet know the 
amount of variation in the case of each species. 
The seeds are packed in rows conformably to the scales, and the scars or 
cicatrices, showing where they have been attached to each scale, give the inside of 
the fruit a tesselated appearance, which is often distinctly ornamental in character. 
Timber. —The following notes are of a general character; others will be 
found under each species :— 
Characteristics. —Its pleasant odour—camphoraceous, or sometimes remind¬ 
ing one of sandal-wood. Its great power of resistance to insect pests—it is said to 
be absolutelv resistant to white ant, but that is overstating the case. Messrs. Sulman 
and Power, architects, in 1893 showed me a piece of Cypress Pine that had been 
undoubtedly attacked by white ants. Nevertheless, Cypress Pine is about the very 
last timber that white ants will attack. It lasts well in the ground, yet it is not the 
most durable timber for posts in parts of our western districts, but its great 
practical advantage is the facility with w'hich it splits. Some of the species, the 
Red or Black Pine in particular, produce very showy timber ; in fact, many of the 
planks are so gorgeous in appearance that care is required in using it for decorative 
purposes lest it should have too overpowering an effect. At the same time, much ol 
the timber is of a quiet, handsome character. The prevailing colour of the figure is 
brown of various shades. Drawbacks to Cypress Pine timber are its brittleness ; it 
has none of the soft yielding characters of Baltic Deal or Californian Redwood. 
It will therefore stand but little transverse strain, and a nail can hardly be driven 
