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Vernacular Names. —Its aboriginal name is in very common use, and it is 
also known as “ Red Ironbark ” because of its timber, but tbe timbers of other 
Ironbarks (e g., siderophloia and crebra) are also red. For obvious reasons it is also 
called “ Red-flowering Ironbark.” Sometimes it is called “ Black Ironbark,” 
because of the darkness of its bark. A very common name is “ Fat Cake,” or 
“ Fat-cake Ironbark,” because of the pulverulent look of the bark, interspersed as it 
is with blackish kino grains, the general appearance reminding one of a burnt greasy 
cake. 
The name “ Mountain Ash,” as applied to E. sideroxylon, has doubtless crept 
into the Flora Australiemis and other works on Oldfield’s authority. Following 
is one of his labels, in his own handwriting :—Oldfield confused, as regards bark 
at least, E. sideroxylon with the Mountain Ash ( E. Sieberiana ), which in the south¬ 
east of New South Wales has bark like an Ironbark. 
Ironbark, or Black Mountain Ash of colonists; tree, 180 feet; bark persistent, brittle with dots of 
gum ; dark, iron-grey, rough, with prominent ridges ; wood very hard. Mountain Hut Range, near Eden, 
Twofold Bay.—(Herb. Barbey-Boissier.) 
Oldfield added later, “ Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.C.,” with which deter¬ 
mination I agree. 
Synonym.— E. formosa, J. Backhouse, “ No. 18, near Liverpool, New South 
Wales,” in Herb. Calcutta, is E. sideroxylon, A. Cunn. The confusion with 
E. leucoxylon has already been referred to. 
Juvenile Leaves. — I desire to invite especial attention to the young foliage 
of this species, which is very different in shape from that of E. leucoxylon, the 
species with which E. sideroxylon is most commonly confused 
Flowers. —This is the New South Wales species of Eucalyptus which most 
frequently has red or rather pink or crimson flowers. Often, however, it has 
creamy white flowers. 
Fruit. —-The shape will be noted from the figure. A point worthy of remark 
is that it has a round rim or ring round the mouth, as is often seen in the smaller 
fruit of the Yellow Box (melliodora). It also has warty excrescences such as arc 
seen in E leucoxylon (from Victoria and South Australia), in E. maculata (Spotted 
Gum), and a few others. 
Bark. —The bark of this species has been referred to under “ Vernacular 
Names.” The ultimate branchlets are smooth, while those of E. crebra (another 
Red Ironbark often associated with it) are rough. 
Timber. —The wood of this is the deepest in colour, and also the softest and 
least valuable of the ironbarks. The tree is often pipy and gnarled, but in many 
places it is a fine timber tree. Where one of the other ironbarks is available, this 
ironbark suffers by comparison ; nevertheless, it is a useful timber, and is employed 
