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Brown). The appearance of this handsome wood is very difficult to describe, its 
heart-wood is darker and less handsome than the other portions. It works up 
splendidly. It is, however, too small to be used for large articles of furniture. In 
western New South Wales it is not used except for fuel. 
Size. —It is a small tree, say, of 20 or 30 feet, and diameter up to 18 inches. 
Habitat. —It occurs in every State of the Commonwealth except Queensland, 
and even in that State I should not be surprised to hear of it being found. 
It is one of the Casuarinas found both on the coast and in the interior, and 
therefore it is probable that a certain percentage of salt in the soil is necessary for 
its healthy existence. 
Concerning Tasmania, Hooker says :—“ Abundant in good light soil in stony 
places throughout the island, except towards the north-west.” It was described and 
figured by Labillardiere, “ in capite Van Diemen” (the modern Tasmania). In 
South Australia, Bentham gives the localities St. Vincent’s Gulf (Blandowski), 
Bugle Range, Port Lincoln, Kangaroo Island (Mueller). Tate records it from 
practically all over the State, except the Central District (largely desert) and north 
of that district. 
It appears to be more widely diffused in Victoria than in any other State, 
being found practically in every district. Turning to New South Wales, Miquel 
gives the classical localities “ Eraser et Field’s plains (Macarthur, Backhouse), ad 
Trofald [Twofold] Sinum (A. Cunningham).” 
Of coastal localities we have Twofold Bay (already quoted), Jervis Bay 
(J.H.M.); tops of hills between Otford and Stanwell Park (E. Betche and 
J.H.M.); and Newport (R. H. Cambage). The two last localities are very 
instructive. When Mr. Cambage found this at Newport he remarked to me, “ This 
is on the Narrabeen shale,* and I intend to go to Otford to see if the species is 
found where the same formation reappears.” I replied that I had personally 
collected it in that locality. In this particular locality it is confined to the slopes 
near the top of the ridges, and is never seen on the flat terraces or strands close to 
the water’s edge. Near Otford its fellow trees are Banksia integrifolia and 
Eucalyptus botryoides. This is an instance of the way in which vegetation may 
be representative of geological formations. We have but few observations on the 
subject at present, but it affords a most fascinating field for inquiry, to Avhich two 
well qualified observers, Messrs. R. H. Cambage and E. C. Andrews, are giving 
attention. 
On the coast, and particularly in the southern States, this species grows on 
sandy land quite close to the sea. 
* The Narrabeen shale outcrops around Narrabeen and thence to near Kincumber, Broken Bay district. In the 
south it occurs at Otford. It does not extend, on the surface, far inland. 
