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I spoke to the Baron about this species, pointing out the flat fruits, hut he 
informed me these probably represented a pathological condition, a view we now 
know to be quite erroneous; and, as Mr. Baker has pointed out, the shape of the 
fruits is the readiest character by which the species may be recognised. 
I believe, also, that the species has been confused with C. equisetifolia, the 
fruits of which are occasionally, though very rarely, flattened. In Exhibition 
Catalogues of New South Wales timbers, C. equisetifolia var. incana wasloug styled 
the “Bull or Eorest Oak.” Eor example, in the Catalogue of the Colonial and 
Indian Exhibition, we have—“Bull Oak, Eorest Oak ( Casuarina equisetifolia). 
Timber strong, tough, and prettily veined ; used for shingles, staves, veneers, log¬ 
fencing, gates, &c. Scrub forests N. Coast district. S., S.W., and W. interior 
districts, 40-50, 12-18 inches.” I believe the tree referred to is C. Luehmanni. 
The species has often been confused with the Belah (C. lepiclophloia ) by 
foresters and others who have not looked at the cones ; and in districts where the two 
species do not grow together, and where the differences between them are not locally 
recognised, the confusion is pardonable enough. I have had more than once, in 
outlying localities, to carefully examine a Bull Oak to be certain that it is 
C. Luehmanni. 
Botanical Name. — Casuarina , already explained, see p. 79, part XIII; 
Luehmanni, in honour of Johann Georg Luehmann, successor of Mueller in the post 
of Government Botanist of Victoria, and who died 1901. 
Aboriginal Name.— “ Nyine,” is an aboriginal name on the Lachlan River 
given me by the late Mr. Eorester T. Kidston. 
Vernacular Names. —“ Bull Oak ” is certainly its commonest name, being 
in use over extensive areas in New South Wales and South Australia. 
In South Australia it is often called “ Swamp Oak,” according to Mr. Walter 
Gill, for it often grows in land liable to inundation. 
Leaves. —It is an erect species with rather wiry branchlets, which sometimes 
take on the habit as if they were electrified, and endeavour to stand apart from each 
other. This habit, it will be understood, is different from that of most species of the 
genus, whose branchlets are more bunchy and compact. 
In times of drought used for feeding stock, but is very binding when used to any extent by 
itself.—(District Forester Marriott, Dubbo.) 
Frilit. —The fruit in this species is so exceptional in shape that it appears 
desirable to draw special attention to it. 
Timber. —Of a red colour, and of rather a coarse grain ; one of the species 
whose medullary rays stand out prominently, rotting last, when a free is felled. 
