SOME WINTER BIRDS OF NOVA SCOTIA. 
BY C. H. MORRELL. 
Auk, CVI, JuW, b zs-e-3. 
I was in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, from the first of 
December, 1897 , until the fourth of April, 1898 , and though 
collecting was not the object of my visit, careful observations 
were made and notes taken of the birds seen during that time. 
The variety of species to be found there at that period is not 
extensive. December, the first week in January, the last week 
in February and the month of March was spent on the shore of 
Chignecto Bay, principally at Shulee, though some time was spent 
at Joggins, River Hebert and Amherst. During the greater part 
of January and February I was at Parrsboro on the Basin of 
Minas. There was little snow in December, the ground being 
bare most of the time, and no very cold weather. The principal 
snowfall was in January and February, and the coldest- weather 
was during those months. Several severe storms occurred. 
March was exceptionally fair and pleasant. The sun shown 
warm from almost cloudless skies and under its influence the 
snow melted rapidly, the migrants began to arrive, and the 
winter birds were soon in full song. 
The growth from Joggins to Shulee is mainly spruce, though 
some hard wood grows on the higher ridges. The shore is lined 
with rugged cliffs which are wooded to the edge in most places. 
Spruce also prevails about Parrsboro -though there the woods 
have been cut away and there is more open country. Amherst 
is in the midst of rich farming land and is surrounded by broad 
fields and marshes. 
In addition to those mentioned, several species of Gulls and 
Ducks were seen but as no specimens were taken they could not 
be positively identified. A list of the species seen is appended. 
1. Gavia imber. Loon. — One seen in the bay near Joggins, Dec. 7 . p 
Newfoundland Notes.—The following list of birds was observed on a 
trip up tlie Humber River in Newfoundland, which lasted from August 
xo to September 24, 1899. The list is not intended as in any way a com¬ 
plete one of the birds to be seen at that time on the island, but merely of 
those which I happened to observe in the course of a fishing and hunt¬ 
ing trip, and as such it is offered for what it may be worth. 
1. Gavia imber. Loon.- —Abundant. 
Louis H, Porter, New York; City. 
Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p. 7 / - 
Birds of Toronto, Ontario, 
by James H.Fleming. 
Pt.I, Water Birds. 
Auk, XXIII, Oet., 1906, p.44I. 
4. Gavia imber. Loon — Regular migrant, April 16 to May 31 
(abundant May 22, 1894); earliest fall record, September 7, 1895; a bird 
taken October 19, 1904, is young, and one taken November 4, 1899, is an 
adult in winter plumage. Loons probably remain on the lake till the end 
of November. 
