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These little scraped-off chips are now tied up in a sheet of tea-tree bark, the bundle being next baked for 
some ten minutes or so, when it is opened and the sticky bits removed and pressed together with the 
fingers and hands to render them sufficiently intercoherent. The mass so formed is then ready to be 
pounded between two stones, which, as in the case of the Erythrophlceum, are at Cape Bedford, Cooktown, 
&c., greased with the Calophyllum nut. After the hammering, the mass is stuck on to any convenient 
stick, whereby it is held over a fire ; it is again hammered and heated, and so on for some considerable 
time until the required consistency is obtained. The consensus of opinion among the natives is that it is 
the strongest and most durable of all their cements. I have seen it employed along the same areas as the 
Erythrophlceum ; at Cooktown, however, it is getting very scarce now, all the trees in the close vicinity 
having been destroyed. (Middle) Palmer River, “ Otwarla,” Hinterland and coast of Princess Charlotte 
Bay, “ Aru-in ” Hinterland and coast of Princess Charlotte Bay, “ Arau-ang,” Cooktown, “ Mari-mari,” 
GUN, “ Ol-da.” At Cloncurry, along the Georgina, and on the Diamantina, a species of Grevillea is 
utilised as follows :—Pieces from the inside core of a dead tree are collected and roasted over a fire, when 
the melting blobs of gum are allowed to run out below on to a sheet of bark or into the sand ; after cooling, 
these are collected, warmed up, and hammered together, and, while still pliable, mixed with charcoal. The 
Cloncurry name for this cement is “Tunggaro.” 
This specimen is a crudely manufactured cement consisting of a portion of a flattened finger-shaped 
mass. It is of a Vandyke-brown colour, and has a dull fracture. On heating, it readily melts, soon ignites, 
and burns with a very smoky flame, leaving a somewhat large amount of a ferruginous sandy clay residue 
(17 08 per cent.). A slight heat is sufficient to soften the mass, which can then be moulded into any 
form, but becomes hard on cooling ; the heat of water at about 50 degrees C. is quite sufficient to make it 
soft enough for moulding, but on removal it soon becomes hard again. The greater portions of the resin 
are soluble in petroleum ether (boiling below 50 degrees C.), the dissolved resin being soft, and of a dark 
colour. It is but slightly acted upon by concentrated sulphuric acid. It is also readily soluble in ether, 
but is mostly precipitated by alcohol. Alcohol had little action upon the original mass. A considerable 
amount of the carbonaceous matter was present, together with the clay as an admixture, and was removed 
by ignition after removal of the resin ( H . G. Smith). (Mr. Smith states, however, that the specimen of 
resin forwarded him by me does not agree with the specimens in the Technological Museum, Sydney).— 
{North Queensland Ethnography Bull. No. 7.) 
Size. —This is a tree which attains a height of 30 or 40 feet or more. A 
trunk diameter of 2 feet is by no means uncommon. 
Habitat.—The following localities are quoted in the Flora Austr alien sis :— 
N. Australia .—Victoria River ( F. Mueller ); Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria 
{R. Brown). (Robert Brown’s words are “ In Novae Hollandiae ora septentrionali; 
Carpentaria : prope lit tora. ’ ’—J. H. M.) 
Queensland .—Wide Bay (Bidwill ); Port Denison (Fitzalan) ; Kennedy 
district ( Daintree ) ; Flinders and Dawson Rivers ( Sutherland) ; in the interior 
{Mitchell). 
\ 
New South IFales .—Darling Desert (Victorian Expedition ) ; Bogan River 
( C . Stuart ). 
S. Australia .— Cooper’s Creek (Howitfs Expedition). 
It is an interior species as far as New South Wales is concerned. We have 
it from such localities as Ivanhoe, via Hay, Nyngan and Coolabah, White Cliffs, 
Narrabri. It extends over enormous areas, but has been much cut down during 
the last twenty-five years for fodder and other purposes. 
