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results; in fact, it is one of the best timbers we have for the purpose, both as regards 
wear and durability. It takes tar well. After Ironbark I would place this timber 
second only to Tallow-wood, amongst our hardwoods, for general purposes. Of late 
years it has been used for railway sleepers, and it has been exported to Europe for 
sides and head-stocks for railway waggons as an experiment. 
Exudation. —The Blackbutt furnishes a kino soluble in both water and 
alcohol, and forming a useful astringent remedy. 
Size. —It is one of the largest of our eucalypts, and giant trees have been 
recorded over the greater portion of the area in which it abounds. 
A tree at Bulli was measured by me in 1S91, with the following results:— 
Girth at ground, measuring from buttress to buttress, 57 ft. 6 in.; the girth at 
3 feet from the ground was 45 feet; and at 6 feet above the ground, 40 feet. The 
taper was then very gradual for about 90 feet (estimated), where the head is broken 
off. There are ten principal buttresses of an average diameter of over 2 feet, but 
they practically cease to flute the trunk at a height of 10 to 15 feet. This is, 
probably, the identical tree measured by the late Sir William Macarthur in 1861 
at “ Bullai, Illawarra, still in full vigour, and with no external symptoms of decay, 
41 feet in circumference, with the bole of immense height.” Mr. A. G. Hamilton 
speaks of “ Bulli Blackbutt, 22 yards in circumference at ground, and at stump 
height would be not much less, as it does not taper much.” One at Gosford was 
measured 156 feet high, and 23 feet in circumference at a height of 6 feet. 
Habitat. —Extending into Queensland on the north, and to Twofold Bay, 
New South Wales, on the south, from the coast up the slopes and spurs of the 
Dividing Range to the Table-land, but apparently not found more than 100 miles 
from the coast, and scarcely crossing on to the western slope in any place. 
This species attains its greatest development in New South Wales. The 
type came from Port Jackson, and is the coastal form of the species, as a rule. 
I have not seen it from Victoria, but should not be surprised to find it in 
north-eastern Gippsland. 
Propagation. —It is well known that the Blackbutt reproduces itself more 
freely and more rapidly than most other hardwoods, so much so that when a large 
one is felled, a dense growth of seedlings, growing into straight saplings, is the 
usual consequence. It, however, reproduces itself most- abundantly upon rich 
moist flats, which is the description of land in greatest demand for agricultural 
pursuits, so that it will, no doubt, be necessary in future to revoke portions of the 
most easily accessible and richest land in the blackbutt forests in the interests of 
selectors and for encouragement of agriculture. Wherever practicable, I would 
recommend the retention of Blackbutt forest reserves, even although the mature 
