1. Petals present, not united (Polypetalous). 
2. Ovary superior. 
3. Stamens generally more than 10. 
4. Stamens on receptacle. 
5. Aquatic herbs, with shield-shaped leaves (stamens on 
ovary in water- lily ) — Nymphaeaceae ( Water-lily family) . 
5. Leaves generally dissected, in 3s— Ranunculaceae (Crow- 
foot family) (Buttercup, Larkspur, Columbine). 
5. Trees, with large flowers and conical fruit — Magnoliaceae 
(Magnolia, Tulip tree). 
5. Herbs with milky or colored narcotic juice— Papaveraceae 
(Poppy, Bloodroot, Celandine). 
5. Stamens monadelphous (united in a tube, anthers 
1-celled) — Malvaceae (Mallow family) (Cotton, Okra). 
5. Leaves pellucid punctate with glandular dots— Hyper- 
icaceae (St. John’s-wort family). 
4. Stamens on calyx. 
5. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually without stipules 
— Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage, Gooseberry, Currant). 
5. Leaves alternate, with stipules— Rosaceae (Rose, Spiraea, 
Strawberry, Blackberry, Raspberry, Plum, Peach). 
3. Stamens not more than 10. 
4. Fruit a legume, like the pea-pod. Corolla generally 
papilionaceous, like the sweet pea — Leguminosae (Leg- 
ume family) (Pea, Bean, Alfalfa, Clover, Lentil, Soy- 
bean, Liquorice). 
4. Stamens 4 long and 2 short (tetradynamous) . Flowers 
cruciform— Cruciferae (Mustard family) (Cabbage, Cau- 
liflower, Radish, Turnip, Rape). 
4. Mature carpels 5, each 1-seeded, breaking away from 
the elongated axis— Geraniaceae (Geranium family). 
4. Trees or shrubs. Leaves punctate with glandular dots, 
pistils raised on a glandular disk— Rutaceae (Prickly 
ash, Orange, Lemon, Citron, Lime, Grapefruit). 
4. Trees or shrubs, with resinous or milky, sometimes 
poisonous, juice; small 5-parted flowers; ovary 1-celled 
and 1-ovuled, forming mostly a drupe— Anacardiaceae 
(Sumach family) (Poison Ivy, Smoke-tree, Sumach). 
4. Shrubs, usually climbing by tendrils. Kerry 2-celled, 
usually 4 seeded — Vitaceae (Grape, Woodbine). 
4. Herbs, with a 1-spurred corolla. Fruit3-carpelled, 1-celled, 
with 3 parietal placentae — Violaceae (Violet, Pansy). 
2. Ovary inferior. 
3. Some Rosaceae (Pomeae, or Apple family) (Apple, Pear, 
Quince, Loquat, Hawthorne, Juneberry, Mountain ash). 
3. Fleshy, mostly leafless plants — Cactaceae (Cactus family). 
3. Flowers mostly 4-parted. Ovary 2-4 celled — Onagraceae 
(Evening Primrose family). 
3. Fruit berry-like; flowers in umbels — Araliaceae (Ginseng, 
Spikenard, Hercules’ Club). 
3. Fruit dry, ribbed. Flowers in umbels — Umbelliferae (Parsley 
family) (Carrot, Parsnip, Parsley, Celery, Caraway, 
Anise, Sweet Cicely). 
3. Shrubs or trees, with leaves having prominently sunken 
veins. Fruit a 1-2 seeded drupe — Comaceae (Dogwood). 
