plant, note their differences, and be convinced of the common- 
ness of intra-varietal variation. 
The navel oranges of the west all come from parts of one 
original tree, as do also the Baldwin apples of the east. The 
original tree which first gave rise to these navels was found near 
Bahia, Brazil, the forepart of the last century. Though all the 
thousands of naval orange trees are parts of this one tree, propa- 
gated by budding, every one knows that the fruit of these 
numerous trees vary in grade and kind— as to form and coloring, 
sweetness and sourness, thickness of rind, size, and in produc- 
tiveness per tree. Those grown in Florida (for they were once 
tried out there) were sweeter than the California product. In 
those from Arizona, the skin is at least of double thickness. 
What is true of the orange is true of the apple varieties. The 
Albemarle (Newtown) Pippin from Virginia is a different apple in 
taste and texture from those of the same variety grown in Cali- 
fornia. Western apples of almost any variety are deeper and 
more highly colored than those of the same variety from the 
eastern states, while the apples of this latter region are on the 
whole better flavored. In cool elevated or mountain regions, the 
shape of the fruit of most varieties changes to a flatter form than 
those of the same variety grown in plains regions. Even the 
much despised Ben Davis loses some of its pumpkin-like texture 
and potato-like taste when grown in the region where it 
originated. 
Cabbage grown in the tropics never heads. As is well known, 
most varieties of head-lettuce, head only during cool weather. 
Turnip-rooted radishes grown in hot weather are always pithy, but 
this is not true of the summer growing kinds such as Strassburg. 
Beets or radishes grown in too much shade produce luxuriant 
tops and woody, slender roots. Varieties of watermelon resistant 
to certain diseases in Georgia appear to lose this immunity when 
subjected to the same diseases on the Pacific coast. The same 
thing is true of disease-resistant varieties of grain — the rust-re- 
sistant wheats of Australia lost their immunity when grown in 
North Dakota. The flax growers of the northwestern states were 
threatened with the destruction of their crops by a disease called 
flax wilt, but fortunately some of the flax plants were immune to 
the disease and these were isolated and resistant varieties pro- 
duced. Perhaps the most striking variations are those commonly 
styled '‘freaks”— such as pineapples with thirty crowns, two- 
headed turtles, five- or six-legged lambs, Siamese twins, single 
apple trees inherently (not grafted) producing both red and yel- 
low or sweet and sour apples, fasciated plants from normal an- 
cestors — the common example of which is the garden cockscomb. 
In a park in Beecroft, Australia, there is an especially striking- 
example of fasciation in the Norfolk Island Pine— the specimen 
resembling a giant cockscomb ( Celosia ) over twenty-six feet 
