mountain laurel which is scattered all along the water system. 
K. poli folia is a bog shrub with two-edged twigs and known only 
from Dutchess county northward. 
Wild Rosemary {Andromeda glaucophylla) , alow bog shrub with 
white drooping flowers and whitish foliage, known in the region 
only from Orange and Putnam counties northward. 
Van Brunt’s Jacob’s-Ladder ( Polemonium Van Bruntiae) , a 
blue showy herb found in the Catskills, but scarcely south of 
them in the water system. 
Oswego Tea ( Monarda didytna), commonly cultivated but 
apparently wild only in the Catskills, so far as our region is con- 
cerned. Flower scarlet and showy. 
Twin-flower {Linnaea borealis), a low-carpeting plant with 
twin-flowers. Rare or wanting now south of the Highlands, 
although there are old records of it from Long and Staten Islands. 
Wood Valerian ( Valeriana uliginosa), a pink or white flowered 
herb known only from the northern end of the Highlands north- 
ward. 
Scores more of these northern species of plants could becited, 
but space forbids more support of the general thesis that the 
Catskill water system cuts through two distinct floral regions. 
Many trees, such as the spruce, larch, andburoakand a consider- 
able number of shrubs follow the same general distributional 
tendency as the herbs, their occurrence south of Peekskill being 
very rare or unknown. The few exceptions mentioned earlier 
only serve to prove the rule. 
THE LOWLAND PLANTS 
Of the 2,038 native flowering plants found wild within 100 
miles of the City, about 1,600 are found in the Hudson Valley and 
Catskill regions. 
Deducting those that we have seen to be of northern tenden- 
cies, there remain a large number of species that make up the 
great bulk of vegetation of these regions. These generally dis- 
tributed plants are too numerous to mention here. Wherever the 
vegetation has been undisturbed, as through the Highlands, it is 
still a forest region with a wealth of wild flowers and ferns and 
shrubs as undergrowth. In spite of the wealth of plants, there 
appears to be no species endemic there, i. e., found nowhere else. 
As illustrating the tendency of many essentially lowland 
plants not to grow north of the Highlands the sweet-gum {Liqnid- 
ambar Styraciflna) , sour gum ( Nyssa sylvatica) , and tulip tree 
( Liriodendron lulipifera) are interesting. All are common near 
the City and south of it. The first has never been recorded north 
of Peekskill, Nyssa is very rare north of the Highlands, while the 
Tulip Tree is unknown as a wild tree in the Catskills. 
