oxygen, the union of the oxygen with the materials in the cells, 
and the throwing off of carbon dioxide, is really exactly the same 
process in plants and animals. This fact cannot be too strongly 
emphasized when we remember that so many people think that 
respiration in green plants is just the opposite of respiration in 
animals. This wrong conception comes from confusing with 
respiration that wonderful process of food-making (photosynthe- 
sis) carried on by green plants in the sunshine. No animal, 
unless it be green with chlorophyll, can perform this process. 
It is true that respiration and photosynthesis are the oppo- 
sites of each other, as is shown in the following comparison: 
3. 
4 . 
5. 
Photosynthesis 
(in green plants only). 
Goes on in light only. 
Water and carbon dioxide are 
united to make starch (or at 
least some carbohydrate). 
Oxygen is thrown off. 
Food is formed. 
Energy is stored up. 
Respiration 
(in all plants and animals). 
1. Goes on all the time, both 
day and night. 
2. Water and carbon dioxide 
are thrown off. 
3. Oxygen is taken in and used 
up in the process. 
4. Food is used up. 
5. Energy is released, and 
shows as heat and in the 
work of the living cells. 
Theprocessof respiration (aerobic respiration), as described 
above, takes place when free oxygen is supplied in plenty. In 
deep-lying tissues of the animal body, as well as in some plants, 
when the oxygen supply is cut off, a different sort of respiration 
(called anaerobic respiration) goes on. The oxygen already 
combined may be actually torn away from the tissues and used 
up in the process. Some bacteria, for example, as those causing 
lockjaw and infantile paralysis, are naturally anaerobic, i. e., 
they can live only when the supply of free oxygen is cut off. 
E. W. O. 
SHRUBS NOW IN BLOOM 
In the local flora valley, hardly any of our native shrubs are 
now in flower; but the shrubby cinquefoil {Potentilla fritticosa ) , 
with its yellow flowers, is blooming. It is the only shrubby 
species of the genus, so far as the eastern species are concerned, 
