ing that one commonly meets which is of great importance com- 
mercially; i. e., cleft-grafting. This method is particularly used 
when one desires to transform an old tree with poor fruit, or at 
least undesirable fruit, into one bearing good fruit. One may 
grow four or five hundred varieties of apple on a single tree 
by judicious cleft-grafting, or one may turn an old, sour crab- 
apple tree, growing by the roadside, into a tree filled with luscious 
apple fruit of the Jonathan type. Or perhaps there is a large 
wild bird cherry tree growing in one’s yard, bearing great quanti- 
ties of sour, seedy fruit. Why not change it into a tree bearing 
cluster upon cluster of luscious, sw r eet cherries, or of sour cher- 
ries of the type of Early Richmond or English Morello, such as 
one pays for at the rate of ten to fifteen cents a small basket in 
New York City? Space is all too brief here to give all the won- 
derful things that might be done by one expert in the knowledge 
of plant grafting. 
Strange indeed have been the uses to which the principles 
underlying these methods have been put. They come still nearer 
home to us when we read of human lives saved through skin 
grafting and bone grafting. Our curiosity grows apace when we 
are told of grafted moths, short-lived monsters with two heads, 
double sets of wings and supernumerary pairs of legs; of brown 
rats grafted with tails from white rats, or even from mice; of 
angleworms with one head and two bodies or with one body and 
two heads. A rooster’s spur has been taken from its normal 
position and planted in the rooster’s comb, there to continue its 
growth. Different species of frogs, grafted together when very 
young, have lived to see the day when they could hop, their hind 
legs representing one species, while their front legs represented 
another. 
But perhaps more marvellous than anything yet mentioned is 
the graft-hybrid, — an individual produced through grafting, which 
externally may resemble the scion parent and internally be like 
the stock parent, or vice versa. For centuries, gardeners have 
claimed such plants existed, but scientists were always skeptical 
concerning the statements made regarding their origin. Recently, 
however, Professor Winkler, of the Hamburg Botanic Garden, has 
been very successful in producing graft-hybrids between the 
common nightshade ( Solarium nigrum ) and the tomato, so that 
now there is no doubt about there being some truth in the cen- 
tury-old assertions concerning these graft-hybrids, prominent 
among which are the Bizzaria orange, the Cytisus adami, the white 
