CARLSBAD WATER. 
288. CARLSBAD WATER is hot, saline, and chaly- 
beate, having an unpleasant alkaline and bitter taste, though 
scarcely any smell. Its constant temperature is 165. It 
contains chalk, Glauber's salt (203), common salt, and carbo- 
nat of soda (201), together with a small portion 'of iron; 
and carbonic acid gas, or fixed air (26), in considerable quan- 
tity. 
The town of Carlsbad, situated on the river Eger, in 
Bohemia, and its springs (which have the name of 
Caroline baths) > received their appellation from the 
Emperor Charles the Fourth, who is said to have him- 
self discovered the latter, in the year 1370, whilst 
hunting ; and, since that period, few waters have more 
engaged the attention of chemists and physicians than 
these. Carlsbad is m3w much frequented during the 
summer months, and has good accommodations as a wa- 
tering place. Its water is remarkable for a rapid and 
copious deposition of calcareous earth, which takes 
place always on cooling, and forms a very hard and 
beautiful crust on the inner surface or tube of any 
channel through which it flows ; and forms petrifac- 
tions round moss, pieces of straw, or other extraneous 
substances which are put into the stream, even for so 
short a time as twenty-four hours. All the iron which 
the fresh water contains is also precipitated by cooling, 
and rather sooner than the calcareous earth. A very 
fine laminated calcareous stone in variegated colours is 
thus formed in large masses around the channel of the 
stream, which, when polished, is almost equal in beauty 
to jasper. 
Of the hot springs of this neighbourhood the princi- 
pal is called the Sprudel. It boils up, with great vio- 
lence, and discharges about 352 cubic feet of water 
hourly, through a curious natural vault or incrustation 
which it has gradually formed. This water supplies the 
greater number of the baths. The other springs are, in 
general, of much lower temperature : they do not ex- 
ceed from 114 to 125, and they differ somewhat from 
each other in their chemical properties. They all contain 
