276 
NYCTALE R1CHAEDS0N1. 
NYCTALE RICHARDSON!. 
Richardson’s Owl. 
Nyctale Richardsoni Bon., Comp. List.; 1838, 7 
DESCRIPTION. 
Sp. Ch. Form, short and compact. Size, large. Sternum, not stout. The marginal indentations are quite deep. 
Tongue, rather thick and fleshy, horny at the tip which is rounded and slig.htly bifid. Ear tufts, very short. Bill and 
claws, not long, the former is stout but the latter are slender. 
Color. Adult. Above, including upper wing and tail coverts, uniform greenish-brown with a narrow central line 
of white on the feathers of the top of the head and on sides of face. Spots on head, scapularies, and wing coverts, and basal 
portion of feathers back of neck, white. Wings, greenish-brown, spotted'on the outer and inner webs of primaries and on 
the outer webs of secondaries with white. Tail, also greenish-brown with each feather marked on both webs with five 
pairs of whitespots. Face, white and dusky, mixed, the former color predominating around the eye, excepting in front of 
it, and the latter on the sides of the bill and in aline to the ear tufts, which are greenish-brown streaked with white. Be¬ 
neath, white, with each feather, excepting on the chin and abdomen, centrally lined with pale, reddish-brown, but much 
more widely on the breast. Under wing coverts, white. Under tail coverts, white, with central stripes of reddish-brown. 
Tibia and tarsus, reddish-white, spotted with brownish. Iris and soles of feet, yellow, claws, dark-brown, cere and bill, 
greenish, in all stages. Sexes, similar in color. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
Specimens are quite uniform in coloration. Readily known, in the adult stage, from the preceding species by the green¬ 
ish-brown color; in all stages,by the five bars of spots on the tail, and from all others, by the small size, absence of any prom¬ 
inent ear tufts, together with the color as described. Distributed, as a constant resident, throughout North America to 
the Arctic Circle. Rare in New England during winter. 
DIMENSIONS. 
Average measurements of male specimens from New England. Length, 9'00; stretch, 20'00, wing, 6-00; tail, 3 02; bill, 
•62: tarsus, ‘93. Longest specimen, 10'00; greatest extent of wing, 2P00; longest wing, 6'50; tail, 3'52; bill, - 72; tarsus, 
1*03. Shortest specimen, 8'22; smallest extent of wing, 10*00; shortest wing, 5’50; tail, 2 - 52; bill, ‘52; tarsus, '83. 
Average measurements of female specimens from New England. Length, 10'00; stretch, 21 - 00: wing, 6‘75: tail, 3 - 52: 
bill, - 74: tarsus, 1‘02. Longest specimen, 1100: greatest extent of wing, 22'00: longest wing, 7-<)0:’tail, 4'00: bill, - 84; tar¬ 
sus, 1-12. Shortest specimen, 9 - 00: smallest extent of wing, 20 - 00; shortest wing, 6 - 00: tail, 2-98: bill, 64: tarsus, - 92. 
DESCRIPTION OF NESTS AND EGGS. 
Nests, placed in holes of trees, composed of grass, leaves, etc., or the eggs are placed on any loose material that chances 
to be at the bottom of the hole. 
Eggs, four or five in number, rather spherical in form, pure white in color, with the surface very smooth. Dimensions 
from 1-06x1-28 to PlOxl-32. 
HABITS. 
Bichardson’s Owl, although very common in the woods of Canada and northward, is, 
beyond doubt, one of the rarest of the order in the United States, only visiting the extreme 
northern portions during winter. They are not very uncommon in Maine and Northern 
New Hampshire at this season but are very rare in Massachusetts, where only a few spec¬ 
imens have ever been taken. A male was, however, obtained in Newton on the twenty- 
sixth of February of the present year, 1879, by the Bangs Brothers who saw it hanging, 
dead, to a bush by the road side, near a house, as they were "passing. Upon inquiry, they 
found that it had been shot some time previous by the owner of the place, who supposed 
it to be a Hawk and said that it had been killing his hens. South of us, this bird may be 
regarded as a rare straggler but has been taken once in Connecticut. 
I have never been so fortunate as to meet with this species living, but writers describe 
its habits as being similar to those of the Acadian Owl and say that it has a peculiar note, 
