SURNIA ULULA. 
uttered at intervals. Mr. Will Perham discovered a nest of this species while collecting 
on the Magdalen Islands, on the thirteenth of June, 1878. It was placed in a hole of a 
dead birch tree not far from the ground and contained four young and one addled egg. 
As the young were well grown at this time, it is probable that the eggs were deposited 
about the same time as those of the Acadian Owls, very late in April or early in May. 
Richardson’s Owl is not strictly migratory, a few individuals, only, wandering southward 
in winter. 
GENUS III. SURNIA. THE LONG-TAILED OWLS. 
Gen. Ch. The sternum is considerably arched, with a nearly straight heel which does not quite equal in height one half 
the width of the sternum. Outer marginal indentations, wider than the inner. Coracoids short, not being equal in length to 
the top of the heel, but are not set on at a wide angle. Furcula, not well developed, for it is not ossified its entire length. Ear 
tufts, not present. Tail, graduated, and nearly equal in length to the wings which are considerably elongated. Tarsus and 
toes, well feathered. 
Members of this genus are quite large and the plumage is short and compact but not strikingly downy. The eyes are 
not large and are yellow in color. The sterno-tracheal is is thin, and there is a slender bronchialis, but no other laryn¬ 
geal muscles. As in other Owls, the tympaniform membrane is present and although there is a thin os transversale, it 
does not support a semilunar membrane. The oesophagus is nearly straight, being a little wider in the middle, and opens 
into a quite large proventriculus with simple, oval glands arranged in a wide, zonular band which measures 1'08 in ulula. 
from which this and the following dimensions are taken. The stomach is of medium size, somewhat globular in form, with 
thin but soft walls. The fold of the duodenum is long, inclosing a wide pancreas which, however, only extends half its 
length. The ececa are not very long, 2'25 in length, small near the intestine, measuring ’08 in diameter, with the blind 
ends dilated into balloon-shaped sacs, '25 in diameter. The spleen is an elliptical body lying directly on the proventric¬ 
ulus. The left lobe of the liver is iarger than the right. There is but one species within our limits. 
SURNIA ULULA. 
Hawk Owl. 
Strix ulula Linn, Syst. Nat., I; 1766, 133. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Sp. Ch. Form, long and slender Size, large. Sternum, quite stout. The marginal indentations are quite deep. 
Tongue, rather thick and fleshy, horny at the tip which is rounded and slightly bifid. Bill and claws, not long, the for¬ 
mer is stout but the latter are slender. 
Color. Adult. Above, including upper wing coverts, uniform dark greenish-brown, with a narrow central line of 
white on the feathers of the top of the head and on sides of face. Spots on scapularies, where they are large and partly con¬ 
cealed, and on wing coverts, and basal portion of feathers back of neck,.white. Wings, dark greenish-brown, spotted on 
the outer and inner webs ofprimaries and secondaries with white. Tail, also greenish-brown, narrowly tipped with white 
and each feather is marked on both webs with about eight pairs of white bars. Upper tail coverts, reddish-frown, barred 
with white. The face, is white and dusky, mixed, the former color predominating around the eye, excepting in front of it, 
and the latter on the sides of the bill and in a line to the top of head. Beneath, white, with large spots of black on the sides 
of neck; remainder of under parts, including under wing coverts, transversely barred, excepting on the chin and abdomen, 
with pale reddish-brown. Under tail coverts, white, barred with reddish-brown. Tibia and tarsus, reddish-white, barred 
with brownish. 
Young. Quite similar to the adult but there is a dark band across the breast, and the feathers below show traces of 
rufous, especially on the flanks. 
Nestlings. Are at first covered with a reddish down and, in time, gradually assume the plumage last described. Iris 
and soles of feet, yellow, bill, also yellow, darker at base and on lower mandible, cere greenish, and claws, dark-brown, in 
all stages. Sexes, similar in color. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
Specimens are quite uniform in coloration. Readily known, in the adult stage, from the preceding species by the very 
dark greenish-brown color; in all stages, by the bars on the long tail, as well as on the lower parts; and from all others, by 
