KING-NECK DUCK. 
451 
chestnut-red, upper portions, and anal region black, becoming brownish on wings. Secondaries, narrrowly tipped with 
white. Speculum, pearly-gray. White beneath, finely mottled throughout, and banded on sides and flanks,with brown. 
Chin, white. Bill, black, crossed on upper mandible near tip with a line of blue, iris, orange, and feet, greenish-brown. 
Adult female. The black is replaced with brown, the feathers are edged with lighter and under wing coverts are ashy; 
otherwise similar to male. Young. Similar to female, but more reddish above. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
Known in all stages by the broad bill and gray speculum. Distributed, in summer, throughout the Arctic Regions; 
wintering from the Carolinas, southward. 
DIMENSIONS. 
Average measurements of specimens from North America. Length, 16*25; stretch, 27* 12; wing, 7*65; tail, 2*50; bill, 
1*82; tarsus, 1*38. Longest specimen, 17*00; greatest extent of wing, 28*25; longest wing, 8*00; taii, 2 70; bill, 1*93; tarsus, 
1*50. Shortest specimen, 15 50; smallest extent of wing, 26*00; shortest wing, 7 30; tail, 2 25; bill, 1*75; tarsus, 1*25. 
DESCRIPTION OF NESTS AND EGGS. 
Nests, phiced on the ground in marshy places, composed of grass, weeds, etc. Eggs, from six to ten in number, ellip¬ 
tical in form, and ashy-green in color. Dimensions from 1*60x2*25 to 1*65x2*30. 
HABITS. 
The Ring-neckecl Ducks are occasionally found on the ponds and rivers of the North, 
and I have found them not uncommon throughout the inland waters of the South, quite to 
Key West, but I never saw them abundant anywhere. They occur regularly, however, 
in the West. They have similar habits to those of the preceding species but do not gath¬ 
er in such large flocks, small companies being more frequently seen, and I have met with 
solitary individuals. These Ducks breed in the far North. 
FULIGULA FERULA. 
Red-head. 
Fuligula ferina Bon., Syn., 1828, 392. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Sp. Cn. Form, rather robust. Size, quite large. Bill, not very high' at base, nor produced backward on forehead. 
Color. Adult male. Head and neck, for more than half its length, brownish-red*, glossed with violet. Remainderof 
neck, body in front of wing, lower back, and tail coverts, black. Back and under parts w*hite, sprinkled above and on sides 
with black which about equals the white in proportion. Wing coverts, ashy sprinkled with whitish. Wings, brown. 
Speculum, bluish-ash, tipped with whitish, and with upper feathers margined with black. Bill, tipped with black, iris, 
orange, and feet, bluish. Adult female. General color throughout, brown, with the feathers edged with pale yellowish. 
The white markings above are faintly indicated, otherwise as in the male. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
Easily recognized by the clear red head, gray speculum, and short,blue bill which is not high at base nor produced back 
on forehead'. Distributed, in summer, throughout the Arctic Regions. Winters from New Jersey to Florida. 
DIMENSIONS. 
Average measurements of specimens from North America. Length, 20*00; stretch, 32*25; wing, 8*50; tail, 2*62; bill, 
1*87; tarsus, 1*62. Longest specimen, 21*00; greatest extent of wing, 33*00; longest wing, 9*50; tail, 2*75; bill, 2*00; tarsus, 
1*75. Shortest specimen, 19*00; smallest extent of wing, 31*50; shortest wing, 7*50; tail, 2*50; bill, 1*75; tarsus, 1*50. 
DESCRIPTION OF NESTS AND EGGS 
Nests, placed on the ground near the water, composed of sticks, weeds, etc. Eggs, six to ten in number, elliptical in 
form, and creamy-white in color. Dimensions from 1*65x2 20 to 1*75 x 2*30. 
HABITS. 
The Red-heads are not common in New England or in Florida, but as every one knows, 
who is familiar with sporting matters, occur in great numbers in the intermediate section, 
especially in Chesapeake Bay and in the sounds of North Carolina, where they gather in 
large flocks, and where they have similar habits to those of the succeeding species. 
FULIGULA VALLISTLERIA. 
Canvas-back Duck. 
Fuligula vailisneria Bon., List, 1838. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Sp. Cn. Form, robust. Size, large. Bill, long and tapering, rather high at base, and produced back on forehead. 
Color. Adult male. Head and upper neck, chestnut-red, with top of former and region about base of bill, dusky. Re 
