APPENDIX. 
505 
and have similar habits to this species. They build their nests in holes of trees, in North¬ 
ern New England, often some distance from the ground, and they are said to place pitch 
around the entrance, but for what reason, it is uncertain. The eggs are deposited the first 
or second week in May, and though a few of the birds probably remain in Massachusetts 
to breed, the majority go north. 
CERTHXA FAMILIARIS. 
Brown Creeper. 
Certhia familiar is Linn., Syst. Nat.; 1735. 
Sp. Cn. Form, slender. Size, small. Bill, long and curved. Tail feathers, long and acuminate. Color. Adult. 
Above, dark-brown, becoming rufous posteriorly. Streaks above, tips of wing feathers, band across all but three outer, 
and beneath, white with under tail coverts, rusty. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. Young , similar, but more rufous above. 
Observations. Recognized by the curved bill and acuminate tail feathers. Breeds from Massachusetts, northward; 
wintering from this point, southward. Dimensions. Length, 5 50; stretch, 7'90; wing, 2'60; tail, 2*30; bill, ‘65; tarsus, '55. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, generally placed behind loose strips of bark on trees, composed of line strips of bark, moss, etc. 
Eggs, four to six in number, rather elliptical in form, white in color, spotted and blotched with reddish-brown. Dimen¬ 
sions from '50 x '70 to '52 x '73. 
HABITS. 
Although the Brown Creepers are quite common in Massachusetts during winter, the 
majority go north to breed. The nests, according to Mr. Brewster and others, are almost 
always placed behind loose strips of bark which so often are found in the woods of Maine, 
and the eggs are laid about the first week in June. These birds have the habit of alight¬ 
ing at the base of a tree, in search of insects, and winding upward, something after the 
manner of the Nuthatches. In winter, the Brown Creepers emit a sharp, rather low, whis¬ 
tling note, but in summer, they have a remarkably sweet song. 
TROGLODYTES BEWICKI. 
Bewick’s Wren. 
Troglodites Bewicki Aud., Orn. Biog. I; 1831, 96. 
Sp. Ch. Form, rather robust. Size, medium. Color. Adult. Reddish-brown above, with the wings banded with 
dusky. Tail, dark-brown, banded with white on outer webs of outer feathersand on tips of all, but central pair which are 
barred throughout with reddish-asb. Beneath ashy, barred on under tail coverts with dusky. Superciliary line, white 
edged above with dark-brown. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. 
Observations. Recognized by the ashy under parts and white bandings on tail. Breeds from Pennsylvania, south¬ 
ward and westward. Winters in the South. Dimensions. Length, 5'00; stretch, 7'00; wing, 2‘12; tail, 2 15; bill, -55; 
tarsus, '60. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed in holes or houses, composed of sticks, grass, etc. Eggs, four to six in number, oval 
in form, white in color, spotted and dotted with reddish-brown and lilac. Dimensions from ‘55 x '70 to - 57x '72. 
HABITS. 
Bewick’s Wren is quite local in distribution, being very common in some sections of 
its range, and rare in others. I never found it in Pennsylvania, but Mr. Koch sent me a 
specimen taken at Williamsport in April, and it doubtless occurs throughout the State. It 
resembles the common House Wren in general habits, nesting in houses, breeding in early 
May, and frequenting towns and villages. 
EREMOPHILA ALPESTBIS. 
• " Horned Lark. 
Eremophila alpestris Boie, Isis, 1838, 322. 
Sp. Cn. Bill, shorter than head and rounded. Tufts of feathers on sides of crown, elongated. Form, robust. Size 
medium. Color, Adult. Above and on sides, pinkish-brown, brightest on nape and rump, streaked with dark-brown. 
Wings and tail, brown, edged with pinkish and tipped with white. Forehead, line over eye, sides of the head, and throat 
sulphury-yellow.. Crescent on crown, line from base of bill through ear and broad shield on breast, black. Remainder 
of under parts, white. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. In winter and Young. Similar but the colors are obscured and the 
breast is frequently tinged, more or less, with dusky. 
Observations. Known by the yellowish of head, and tufts on crowr.. Breeds from Western New York, westward. 
64 
