506 
APPENDIX. 
and north to Labrador, coming to the coast in winter as far south as the Carolinas. Dimensions. Length, 7 55; stretch, 
13*35; wing, 4*31; tail, 2'60; bill, '50; tarsus, '90. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed on the ground, composed of grass, weeds, etc. Eggs, four or five in number, oval in 
form, ashy in color, thickly spotted with yellowish-brown and bluish. Dimensions from - 65x'82 to '70x'‘851 
HABITS. 
The Horned or Shore Larks are very common along our coast in November, remain¬ 
ing all winter, but depart westward and northward in spring, none breeding nearer to us 
than Western New York. These birds are highly gregarious and often accompany the 
Snow Buntings and Longspurs. They are not shy, but have the habit of squatting behind 
stones or tufts of grass when they perceive an intruder; then, if approached, will rise sud¬ 
denly, with a loud, shrill cry. The Horned Larks breed in April, being among the earli¬ 
est of the insessorial birds, to deposit their eggs. 
PROTONOTARIA C1TREA. 
Prothonotary Warbler. 
Protonotaria citrea Bd. , Birds N. A.; 1858, 239. 
Sp. Ch. Form, slender. Size, medium. Bill, large and as long as head. Color. Adult male. Head, neck, and 
beneath, rich yellow, becoming white on abdomen and under tail coverts. Back, greenish-yellow. Rump, upper tail cov¬ 
erts, tail, and wings, bluish, white on inner webs of two last. Female, similar but duller throughout. 
Observations. Known by the yellow head and neck. Breeds West and South; wintering south of our limits. Dimen¬ 
sions. Length, 5'50; stretch, 8'5(>; wing, 2'30; tail, 2'12; bill, *55; tarsus, - 75. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed in holes of trees, composed of grass, leaves, and moss. Eggs, four to six in number, 
elliptical in form, white in color, spotted with reddish-brown and lilac. Dimensions from - 55x 66 to 60 x '70. 
HABITS. 
I have recently learned from several collectors, that the Prothonotary Warbler occurs 
in Florida, though I never met with it there, nor elsewhere in the South, but it appears to 
be somewhat widely distributed, as it is found in considerable numbers in Illinois, breeding 
from the middle to the last of May, and the nests are placed in holes of trees. In gen¬ 
eral habits, it agrees closely with other Warblers. 
DENDRCEJCA VIRENS. 
Black-throated Green Warbler. 
Dendrceca virens Bd., Birds N. A.; 1858, 267. 
Sp. Cn. Form, slender. Size, small. Color. Adult male. Above, clear yellowish-green. Wings and tail, brown 
with tips of greater coverts and inner webs of three outer tail feathers, white. Sides of head and neck, yellow, with green¬ 
ish stripe through eye and one below it. Chin, throat, and upper breast, black, continuing along sides in spottings. Re¬ 
mainder of under parts, creamy white. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. Adult female. Similar, but the upper part of throat 
is yellow, and the black is obscured with whitish. In autumn , similar to summer, but the green above and markings be¬ 
low are obscured with whitish. Young. Similar to winter adult but duller, the female having only a trace of black. 
Observations. Known by the green back and yellow sides of head. Distributed in summer from Pennsylvania, at 
least to Canada; wintering south of our limits. Dimensions. Length, 5'00; stretch, 8 - 00; wing, 2 75; tail, 2'25; bill, '45; 
tarsus, '70. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed in trees, composed of fine grass, tootlets, strips of cedar bark, etc., lined with hair and 
fine moss. Eggs, three or four in number, oval in form, creamy-white in color, spotted and blotched with brown of vary¬ 
ing shades and lilac. Dimensions from '50 x '60 to '54 x *66. 
HABITS. 
The peculiar, plaintive notes of the Black-throated Green Warblers, may be heard in 
New England, from early May until late in summer, for they are one of the most persistent 
songsters that haunt the deeply wooded valleys. These pretty Warblers prefer woods in 
which there is a plentiful sprinkling of white pines, and are always found in or near these 
trees. During the breeding season, the males emit a peculiar, continuous note which sounds 
almost exactly as if it were given by a young bird, but they will pause every now and then 
to give the long-drawn melody which is so easily distinguished. These birds breed early 
in June, often placing the nest in a low cedar or pine. 
