508 
APPENDIX. 
HABITS. 
During migrations, both in spring and fall, the Bay-breasted Warblers are common 
in Pennsylvania, but are rare in Eastern Massachusetts, reaching their breeding grounds 
in Maine, by the way of New York and the valley of the Great Lakes. The song is not 
unlike that of the Black-poll, to which species they have similar habits, but ends in an ab¬ 
ruptly given warble. They breed in early June, placing the nest on a horizontal branch 
of a spruce or hemlock, at some distance from the ground. 
DENDRCECA PENiNSYLVANTCA. 
Chestnut-sided Warbler. 
Dendratca Pennsylvanica Bd,. Birds N. A.; 1858, 276. 
Sp. Cn. Form, slender. Size, small. Color. Adult male. Above, bluish-ash streaked with black, and becoming 
greenish on back. Wings and tail, brown edged with bluish. Top of head, yellow. Forehead, line over eye, square patch 
on occiput, two bands on wing tinged with greenish, patch on inner webs of three outer tail feathers, and beneath, white. 
Lores and line above and below eye, black. Stripe on sides, deep chestnut. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. Female, similar, 
but yellowish-green above streaked with black, and the markings below are not as extended. Youny. Quite similar to 
adults but lack the black markings and there is only a trace of chestnut in males and none in females. 
Observations. Known by the white and chestnut beneath. Breeds from Pennsylvania to Canada; winters south of 
our limits. Dimensions. Length, 5-15; stretch, 8' 10; wing, 2‘55; tail, 2'00; bill, ‘75; tarsus, ‘35. 
Nests and Eyys. Nests, placed in bushes, composed of fibrous bark of weeds and cedars, lined with fine grass, horse¬ 
hair, etc. Eggs, three or four in number, oval in form, ashy-white in color, spotted and mottled with yellowish-brown 
and lilac. Dimensions from ‘59 x ‘60 to ‘55x‘65. 
HABITS. 
The song of the Chestnut-sided Warbler somewhat resembles that of the common Yel¬ 
low Warbler, but is readily distinguished, and the former species is not unlike the latter 
in general habits, while both are now equally abundant. The Chestnut-sided are, how¬ 
ever, more often fond of wooded thickets, and usually desert the nest when disturbed. 
They make their appearance a few days later than the Yellow Warblers. 
DENDRCECA KIRTLANDI. 
Kirtland’s Warbler. 
Dendraeca Kirtlandi Bd., Birds. N. A.; 1858, 286. 
Sp. Cn. Form, robust. Size, large. Color. Adult male. Above, bluish-ash narrowly streaked on crown and more 
broadly on back, with black. Forehead, lores, and space beneath eye, black. Eyelids, two narrow bands across wings, 
and patch on inner webs of two outer tail feathers, white. Under parts, clear yellow, becoming nearly white on under 
tail coverts, with spots in band across breast and streaks on sides, black. Iris, bill, and feet, brown. Female, similar, 
but much paler beneath, slightly overwashed above with reddish, and the dark markings are much more restricted. 
Observations. Known by the large size and yellow colors beneath. The tongue is short, rather fleshy, and provided 
with coarse cilia at extreme tip. Occurs in summer in certain sections of the West; winters on the Bahamas. Dimensions. 
Length, 5‘50; wing, 2‘75; tail, 2‘58; bill, ‘45; tarsus, ‘85. 
HABIT'S. 
The first specimen of Kirtland’s Warbler, brought to the notice of science, was shot 
in 1851, near Cleveland, Ohio, but one had been taken at sea, off the Bahamas, some ten 
years before, though it was not identified until after the type specimen was discovered. 
Since then, five have been taken in Ohio, one on the Bahamas, and two in Ann Arbor, Mich¬ 
igan, both of the last being females, one of which was kindly loaned me by its captor, 
Mr. A. B. Covert, to figure in plate XVII. The ovaries of this specimen, portions of the 
body of which are now in my possession in alcohol, were slightly advanced, indicating that 
the bird would have laid in about two weeks. Mr. Covert states that these birds do not 
differ in general habits from other Warblers, but are not at all shy. I think this species 
will prove common and probably breeding on the Bahamas and adjacent islands. 
HELMINTHOPHAGA PINUS. 
Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. 
Helminthophaya pinus Bd., Birds N. A.; ]H58, 254. 
Sp. Cn. Form, slender. Size, small. Color. Adult male. Upper parts, yellowish-green, brightest on rijmp, with 
