APPENDIX. 
509 
wings, upper tail coverts and tail, bluish-ash. Two bands across wings, under wing and tail coverts, patch on inner web 
of four outer tail feathers, white. Anterior crown, sides of head, and under parts, rich orange-yellow. Iris, bill, and 
feet, brown. Female. Similar but the crown is overwashed with greenish. 
Observations. Known by the continuous yellow beneath. Breeds throughout the Middle and Western sections, win¬ 
tering south of our limits. Dimensions. Length, 4'50; stretch, 7’50; wing, 2 - 40; tail, 2‘00; bill, - 45; tarsus, -65. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed on the ground, composed of fine strips of bark, moss, grass, etc. Eggs, four or five 
in number, oval in form, white in color, finely spotted with reddish-brown. Dimensions from ’50 x ’65 to '52 x 07. 
HABITS. 
The Blue-winged Yellow Warbler has been taken once or twice in Massachusetts but 
is extremely rare so far east, being confined to the middle and western districts, where it 
has similar habits to other members of the genus, arriving and departing about the same 
time as the Golden-winged. 
HELMINTHOPHAGA LAWEEKCEI. 
Lawrence’s Warbler. 
Helminthophaga Lawrencei Herrick, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; 1874, 220. 
Sp. Ch. Similar in form and size to the Blue-winged Yellow Warbler, but differs in being darker and richer in color, 
and in having a large black patch on throat and upper breast. 
HABITS. 
In 1874, Lawrence’s Warbler was first described as new by Mr. Harold Herrick, from 
a specimen taken in New Jersey, and in 1877, another was obtained by Mr. Geo. N. Law¬ 
rence, from a dealer who stated that it was taken at Hoboken, New Jersey, in the spring. 
This specimen was kindly loaned me by Mr. Lawrence to figure in plate XXII. These 
two specimens are all that have yet been taken and nothing is known of the habits of the 
species. 
HELMINTHOPHAGA CHRYSOPTERA. 
Golden-winged Warbler. 
Helminthophaga chrysoptera Cab., Mus. Ilein.; 1850, 20. 
Sp. Ch. Form, slender. Size, small. Color. Adult male. Above, bluish-ash. Crown and patch on wing, bright 
yellow. Streak from bill through eye and large patch on throat and upper breast, black. Margin of crown, patch on 
side of nape, maxilliary stripe, elongated patch on outer webs of outer tail feathers, and remainder of under parts, wlnte, 
frequently tinged with yellow below and with ashy on sides. Iris and feet, brown; bill, black. Female, and Young, sim¬ 
ilar but duller, with throat often tinged with dusky, and the young are greener above. 
Observations. Recognized by the white lower surface and dark throat. Breeds from the Carolinas to Massachusetts. 
Winters south of our limits. Dimensions. Length, 5‘00; stretch, 7 - 60; wing, 242; tail, 195; bill, '50; tarsus, ‘65. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed on the ground, composed of leaves and grape-vine bark, lined with fine grass and 
horse-hair • Eggs, three or four in number, oval in form, white in color, spotted and blotched with reddish-brown. Di¬ 
mensions from ‘50 x '66 to '55 x "67. 
HABITS. 
The Golden-wingecl Warbler appears to be somewhat local in distribution, but has the 
general habits of other members of the genus. The song, as appears to be the fact with 
all the allied species, is characteristic, being a lisping warble. I found the first nest of 
this species ever described, in Newton, on the twelfth of June, 1869, since which time, 
however, several have been taken. These birds appear to prefer grassy places in the 
neighborhood of thickets, as nesting sites. 
HELMINTHOPHAGA LEUCOBRONCHIALIS. 
White-throated Warbler. 
Helminthophaga leucobronchialis Brewster, Am. Sportsman.; Oct. 17, 1874, 33. 
Sp. Cn. Similar in form and size to the Golden-winged Warbler but there is no black patch on throat, the under por¬ 
tions being wholly white tinged with greenish. 
HABITS. 
On the eighteenth of May, 1870, Mr. Wm. Brewster obtained the type specimen of 
the White-throated Warbler in West Newton, Massachusetts, and since then, some ten 
