APPENDIX. 
513 
local in distribution, as they breed in colonies; and in the settled districts, they place their 
singular, globular-shaped nests under the eaves of buildings. They arrive later than the 
majority of the Swallows and are noticeably the slowest of flight. The note is a rather 
harsh twitter and is not as musical as that of the Barn Swallow, but is enlivening when 
heard about the farm buildings. 
AMPELIS GAJ1RULUS. 
Bohemian Wax-wing. 
Ampelis garrulus Linn., Syst. Nat.. I; 1766, 297. 
Sp. Ch. Form, robust. Size, large. Color. Adult. Yellowish-brown throughout, becoming chestnut-red on fore¬ 
head and sides of head, ashy on rump and upper tail coverts, yellowish on abdomen, and darkest on wings and tail. Sec¬ 
ondaries, tipped on outer webs with white, and centrally, with red sealing-wax-like expansions. Primaries, broadly tip¬ 
ped on outer webs with yellow, tail, also tipped with yellow. Forehead, line through eye, chin, and upper throat, black. 
Under tail coverts, chestnut. Young. Similar hut duller, and the sealing-wax tippings are absent. 
Observations. This species varies in plumage like the Cedar Bird, but differs from other of our Oscines in having the 
tympaniform membrane represented by a narrow line and in having no sterno-trachealis proper; in its place, however, is a 
weak, transparent muscle which arises between the divisions of the broncho-trachealis and joins the tissues of the neck. 
Known by the large size and chestnut lower tail coverts. Breeds in the far North; winters in the North-we;t; rare as far 
east as Massachusetts. Dimensions. Length, 8-00; stretch, 13*75; wing, 4‘50; tail, 2*60; bill, *45, tarsus, '70 
HABITS. 
Although the Bohemian Waxwings were obtained in considerable numbers in New 
York, during the winter of 1879-80, they are quite rare birds so far east, yet they have 
been taken in Massachusetts. They occur quite regularly in Minnesota, however, where 
they are known as Hoopes. 
VIREO PHILADELPHICA. 
Philadelphia Vireo. 
Vireo Philadelphia Cass., Pr. A. N.; 1851, 153. 
Sp. Ch. Form, slender. Size, small. Color. Adult. Above, brownish-green, becoming ashy on crown and sides of 
head and brown on wings; superciliary line and beneath, whitish, becoming sulphury-yellow on breast and sides. Young , 
similar, but duller above and more yellow beneath. 
Observations. Known by the small size and absence of spurious quill. Breeds from Maine, northward; winterssouth 
of our limits. Dimensions. Length, 4 - 80; wing, 2*65; tail, 2 20; bill ‘54; tarsus, -65. 
HABITS. 
This pretty, little Vireo‘is quite common in Pennsylvania during migrations, and has 
been taken in Massachusetts, and it has recently been ascertained by Mr. Brewster, to 
breed in Northern Maine. In general habits, the Philadelphia Vireo resembles the War¬ 
bling, but i he song is somewhat like that of the Red-eye. 
VIREO GILVUS. 
WarbUng Vireo. 
Vireo gilvus Bon., Obs. Wils.; 1825. 
Sp. Ch. Form, slender. Size, medium. Color. Adult. Brownish-green above, becoming ashy on crown and dark¬ 
est on wings and tail, with superciliary line and beneath, white tinged with greenish on side 7 . Iris and bill, brown, and 
feet, bluish. Young, similar, but duller above and greener beneath. 
Observations. See above for comparison with nearest ally. Occurs in summer from Pennsylvania to Maine; winterin'* 
south of our limits. Dimensions. Length, 5'55; stretch, 9‘<K>; wing, 2'70: tail, 2-20; bill, *47; tarsus, *74. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed in trees, composed of mosses, strips of bark, etc. Eggs, three or four in number, oval 
in form, white in color, finely spotted with black. Dimensions from *53x *75 to '56 x *83. 
HABITS. 
The Warbling Vireo is, next to the Red-eye, the best known of the genus in our sec¬ 
tion, for it frequents the streets of villages and public parks of cities in preference to the 
more unsettled districts. It can be easily recognized by the song which is a continuous 
warble, quite different from that of the other Vireos. Their favorite nesting tree is the 
poplar, and their domiciles are often hung at a considerable height from the ground. This 
species arrives early in May and departs in September. 
65 
