APPENDIX. 
510 
PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS. 
Snow Bunting. 
Plectropkanes nivalis Meyer, Tasch.; 1810. 
Sp. Ch. Form, robust. Size, large. Color. Adult. Pure white, with middle of back, terminal half of tertiaries 
and primaries, and under tail feathers, black. In winter, and Young. Similar, but with the black more extended, and 
the white above and black of back overwashed with reddish-brown which extends in a collar around neck. The females 
are smaller and have less white. Iris, brown, bill and feet, black. 
Observations. Known by the black and white colors. Breeds in the far North; winters from Canada to Pennsylva¬ 
nia. Dimensions. Length, 6*75; stretch, 10*75; wing, 4" 15: tail, 2*85*. bill, *40; tarsus, *85. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed on the ground, composed of grass, moss, etc. Eggs, four or five in number, oval in 
form, ashy-white in color, spotted with yellowish-brown and lined and dotted with umber. 
HABITS. 
The Snow Buntings are very abundant in winter on barren tracts along our coast, as 
far south as New Jersey, wandering inland during storms. They are gregarious but are 
exceedingly restless birds, seldom remaining in one spot any length of time. The call note 
is loud and sharp, not unlike the chirp of a young chicken. They remain with us until 
April, when they depart on their northward journey. 
PLECTROPHANES LAPPONICUS. 
. Lapland Longspur. 
Plectropkanes Lapponicus “Selby.” Bon., List.; 1838. 
Sp. Ch. Form, slender. Size, medium. Color. Adult male. Above, yellowish-brown streaked with dark-brown, 
with collar on back of neck, chestnut. Head and neck all around, and semi-circular patch on breast, black. Outer tail 
feathers, excepting basal portion of inner web, and under parts, white, streaked on sides with black. Short line over eye, 
yellow. In winter, Female, and Young. Similar but much duller, being overwashed above with whitish; and in some young 
the throat is scarcely black at all. 
Observations. Known by the black throat and white under parts. Breeds in the far North; winters in the Middle 
Districts. Dimensions. Length, 6*50; stretch, 11*25; wing, 3*45; tail, 2*45; bill, *45; tarsus, *75. 
HABITS. 
The Lapland Longspurs are found most commonly in early autumn, in company with 
the Shore Lark, and with us, are seldom met with far from the shore, but they do not re¬ 
main through the winter, evidently passing down our coast on their way to the West, 
where they are abundant during the cold season. In general habits, they resemble the 
Snow Buntings, but seldom associate with them, at least, while in Eastern Massachusetts. 
SPIZEI.LA MONTICOLA. 
Tree Sparrow. 
Iipizella monticola Bd.', Birds N- A.; 1858 472. 
Sp. Cii. Form, robust. Size, medium. Color. Adult. Ashy-brown above, becoming darker on 1 the wings and tail. 
Crown, maxillary spot, middle back which is streaked with whitish, wing coverts, and edge of tertiaries, bright rufous. 
Beneath, ashy-white, tinged, especially on sides, with yellowish, witha single brown spot on breast. Young, similar but 
duller. 
Observations. Known by the rufous crown and brown spot on breast. Breeds from Northern New England, north¬ 
ward, wintering from Massachusetts to the Carolinas. Dimensions. Length, 6*50; stretch, 9 50; wing, 3 00; tail, 2 60; 
bill, *45; tarsus, *85. 
Nests and Eggs. Nests, placed in bushes, composed of mud, grass, and hair. Eggs, four or five in number, oval in 
form, greenish-ash in color, spotted with reddish-brown. Dimensions from *55 x *70 to *56 x *74. 
HABITS. 
The Tree Sparrow is among the most abundant of our spring and autumn migrants, 
and during some winters, is very common in Eastern Massachusetts, but usually the great¬ 
er portion go south of us. In general habits, this species resembles other Sparrows. 
ZONOTRACHIA LEUCOPHRYS. 
White-crowned Sparrow. 
Zonotrachia leucophrys Sw. F. B. Am., II; 1831, 255. 
Sp. Cii. Form, size and general coloration, similar to those of the White-throated Sparrow, described on page 98, but 
lacks the yellow on head and edge of wing, while the throat and entire plumage is more ashy, and the young have the 
crown overwashed with reddish. Dimensions. Length,7*08; stretch, 10*50; wing,3*25; tail, 2 85; bill, *46; tarsus, *82. 
