1901.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 743 
In 1885 the Committee on Lectures and Instruction established 
an annual series of lectures by men of eminence in various 
branches of science, as well as afternoon classes conducted by the 
Academy’s professors. For both series a charge was made to cover 
expenses. These courses were held annually until the winter of 
1896-7, when a proposition was made by the Ludwick Institute, 
whereby the Committee of the Academy should cooperate with the 
Institute in arranging courses of lectures on natural science and 
allied subjects, to be given in the Academy’s Lecture Hall and to be 
free to the public, though primarily for the benefit of public school 
teachers, the Ludwick Institute bearing all the expenses. 
Under this arrangement six to eight courses of five lectures each 
have been given annually by members of the Academy. 
The Jessup Fund, originally established in 1860 for the assistance 
of young men fitting themselves for scientific work, has during 
the past twenty years aided many students, who have in turn ren¬ 
dered most important assistance to the Academy in the care and 
arrangement of collections. In 1888, Mrs. Clara Jessup Moore 
established a similar fund of $5,000 for the assistance of young 
women, three having up to this time profited by this endowment. 
From 1890 to 1899 a medal and cash payment were annually 
bestowed by the Academy upon the geologist who had accom¬ 
plished the most meritorious work during the year. Since then 
a gold medal has been awarded triennially. This award, known 
as the Hayden Memorial, is secured by a fund given by Mrs. 
Hayden in memory of her husband, Dr. F. V. Hayden. 
Up to the year 1900 the Academy’s growth had far exceeded its 
endowment. The funds at the disposal of the institution were 
entirely consumed in the expenses incident to supporting the 
museum, the publications and the library. The salaried assistance 
was wholly inadequate to the needs of the institution, and, as pre¬ 
viously, most of the work of arranging and caring for the collec¬ 
tions was performed voluntarily or by students of the Jessup Fund. 
Members had always been most liberal in contributing to special 
funds for the purchase of collections, but the Endowment Fund, 
owing to the broadening of the work of the Academy, became 
yearly less adequate. 
Since 1890, however, the Academy has received liberal bequests, 
