52 Worsdell.—The Structure of the 
side, as is shown by the fact that its bundles enter the ovule 
on the upper side of the latter; this fact will also explain the 
contact of the ovule with the bract and the parenchyma which 
surrounds it on its upper side . 
‘ In Dammara the ovule has become reflexed towards the 
dorsal side. 
; Finally, it may happen that the upper bundles, instead of 
developing, as in the three preceding cases, sometimes both 
above and below the ovules, sometimes only above, or only 
below, are scarcely prolonged either above or below. Then 
the leaf is terminated by the ovule or ovules, which arise 
from the transformation of its entire lamina, and this leaf is 
sessile, or at least its petiole is exceedingly short; the ovule 
represents in itself the first leaf of the axillary branch almost 
entirely, in other words, the carpel, while retaining in its 
vascular system the origin, orientation, and structure proper 
to it, is reduced to its ovular portion,’ as in Podocarpus , where 
the first leaf of the branch is folded on its dorsal surface to 
form an anatropous ovule, and in Phyllocladus and Phero- 
sphaera , and some species of Dacrydium , where the leaf 
having remained straight, produces an erect, orthotropous 
ovule. In these plants the ovular leaf is completely indepen¬ 
dent of the bract. In other species of Dacrydium, Saxegothea, 
and Microcachrys, the bundles of the bract and ovular leaf 
are contained within the same parenchymatous sheath, for 
a third or half of its length, as a result of which the ovule 
is only partially inverted. In the Taxineae the two tipper 
bundles , which in the other groups supply the seminiferous 
scale, here divide up to form a circle or cylinder, and pass 
into a developed axillary shoot of secondary order bearing 
several bracts, some of which, or only one, bear in their 
axil a shoot of the third order, which either is only represented 
by its first leaf, or forms bracts, in the axil of some of which 
axillary shoots of the fourth order are developed. In Cephalo- 
taxus the female bud (primary shoot) forms in the axil of 
a leaf a shoot of secondary order bearing three or four pairs 
of bracts, all of which are usually fertile. Each of these 
