6 o Worsdell.—The Structure of the 
because an ovary is the prolongation of an axis, and cannot 
occur on a leaf. In Araucaria the scale receives a single 
bundle which divides up laterally and a little above the base, 
sending off a few small branches to the ovule (Fig. 2), which 
have inverted orientation as in Dammar a . The development, 
as far as is known, agrees with that of Dammara . The out¬ 
growth above the ovule (Fig. 2) is a ligular structure, like that 
in Isoetes , and the velum of the latter is analogous to the 
integument of Araucaria The inner bundle-system is absent 
in sterile scales, as in Dammara. In Cunninghamia a single 
bundle enters the scale. Three bundles pass off, with inverted 
orientation, one to each ovule. Thus he considers that no 
inner scale can be present, and there is but a single leaf, and 
the transverse ridge is a ligule. In Sciadopitys there is also 
a single leaf with a ventral excrescence. In the Abietineae, 
the bract appears first in the development, then the semini¬ 
ferous scale as a transverse swelling on its inner surface 
(Fig. 4). The bract receives a single bundle which does not 
further divide up. One or two bundles enter the seminiferous 
scale which, according to the form of the basal part of the 
scale, are either given off from the bract-bundle or directly 
from the axis of the cone ; the bundle, on entering the semini¬ 
ferous scale, divides up into several with inverted orientation. 
The seminiferous scale is thus an inner outgrowth of the bract, 
both together constituting a single leaf. Many think the two 
are quite distinct. But where they leave the axis, though 
only for a short distance, they are united, and the develop¬ 
ment shows one to be an outgrowth of the other. Schleiden’s 
and Strasburger’s idea that the seminiferous scale is a flattened 
axis or cladode, does not agree with the arrangement of the 
bundles, for in all cladodes the xylem is directed inwards, the 
bundles being either flattened together or grouped around 
a centre. As an objection to the views both of Van Tieghem 
and Von Mohl, he says that there is nothing to be seen of an 
axillary bud, but the seminiferous scale appears as an Inner 
outgrowth of the bract. As an objection to Molds view, 
there is no sign of the seminiferous scale being formed of two 
