;6 
Worsdell .— The Structure of the 
the male sporophylls have preserved their radial symmetry- 
more or less completely; whilst the female are, as in Coni- 
ferae, reduced to single ovules, each with two integuments. 
General Summary. 
In conclusion I give in brief the most important of the 
numerous theories relating to the nature of the ‘ seminiferous 
scale ’ and the ‘ ovule 5 respectively, which have been cited at 
greater length in the foregoing pages. 
Views on the Nature of the Seminiferous Scale. 
Linnaeus (1737, 1792) : The seminiferous scale of the Abietineae is a calyx. In 
Juniperus the ventral tip of the scale is the corolla. 
Jussieu (1789) : The bract is a style; the seminiferous scale a bilocular ovary. 
Mirbel (1810-15) : The seminiferous scale is a peduncle. 
Brown, R. (1814-66): The seminiferous scale is an open carpel . 
SCHLEIDEN (1839-43), BAILLON (1860-65), STRASBURGER (1872-79), MASTERS 
(1891) : The seminiferous scale of Abietineae is an axis , either in the form 
of a placenta (Schleiden), an axillary bud (Baillon), a disk or (in the 
Cupressineae and Podocarpeae) an axillary bud (Strasburger), or a half - 
cladode (Masters). 
Sachs-Eichler (1868, 1881-82): The seminiferous scale is a ventral outgrowth 
from the open carpel, of the nature of a placenta or ligule. In the Cupres¬ 
sineae, Taxodineae, and Podocarpeae no differentiated ventral outgrowth 
exists; but the scale as a whole is an open carpel. 
Van Tieghem (1869): The seminiferous scale is the first and only leaf of an 
axillary bud. In the Podocarpeae this leaf is represented solely by the 
ovule. In the Taxeae the same thing occurs on secondary shoots. 
Braun (1853-75), Caspary (i860), Parlatore (1864), 0 rsted (1864),. 
Von Mohl (1871), Stenzel (1876), Willkomm (1879), Celakovsky 
(1879-97): The seminiferous scale consists of the two first leaves {or their 
ovular representatives') of an axillary bud. This view is founded chiefly on 
the abnormalities. 
Delpino-Penzig (1894): The seminiferous scale consists of the two lateral lobes 
of the bract bent, inwards and fused by their margins. 
Views on the Nature of the Sporangium. 
Linnaeus, Jussieu : Pistil. 
Mirbel, Richard : Complete flower, consisting of calyx or cupule (our integu¬ 
ment), and ovary (our nucellus), i. e. a caryopsis or nut, whose pericarp is 
fused with the integument of the seed. 
Brown, R. : Ovule. First exponent of the ‘ Gymnospermous ’ theory. 
Baillon : Ovary. View founded on the development. 
Parlatore: Ovary. 
