136 Seward and Gowan.—The Maidenhair 
Urals,, which bear a fairly close resemblance to the leaves of 
the recent species. These fragments, while agreeing in shape 
with some types of Ginkgo leaves, may also be compared with 
a Russian fossil described by Schmalhausen 1 as Rhipidopsis 
ginkgoides from strata classed as Jurassic, but which Zeiller 2 
has shown probably belong to the Permo-Carboniferous 
period. Renault 3 has figured a leaf from the Permian of 
Martenet, which may be compared with a specimen named 
by Schmalhausen Ginkgo integerrima 4 ; and Archangeli 6 
records G. primigenia from the Permian of Italy. 
P sygmophyllum ( Ginkgophylluni). Saporta 6 proposed the 
name Ginkgophyllnm for leaves of a cuneate form with an 
entire or dissected lamina attached to the stem by a decurrent 
leaf-stalk. He includes under this term leaves described by 
some authors 7 as species of Noeggerathia , P sygmophyllum^ 
and other genera. We have no evidence, beyond such as is 
afforded by their not very close resemblance to the leaves of 
Ginkgo , that these fossils have any claim to be regarded as 
representatives of the Ginkgoaceae. 
Saporlaea. This generic name was instituted by Fontaine 
and White 8 for two species of leaves from the Virginian Coal- 
Measures, which resemble those of Ginkgo biloha. In them¬ 
selves the fossils are insufficient as evidence of the existence 
of the Ginkgoaceae in the Coal Period forests, but they are of 
interest as agreeing closely in form with those of recent 
species. 
Rhipidopsis . Schmalhausen 9 provided this genus for some 
leaves with a palmate lamina and dichotomously branched 
veins, from Petschoraland, which he placed in the Salisburieae. 
The genus has been recorded more recently by Kurtz 10 from 
1 Schmalhausen (79), PI. VIII, Fig. 3. 2 Zeiller (’96). 
3 Renault (’96), p, 138. 4 Schmalhausen (’79), PL XVI. 
5 Archangeli (’95). 6 Saporta (’84), p. 230. 
7 Lindley and Hutton (’32), Pis. XXVIII and XXIX ; vide also Schimper (70), 
p. 192 ; Schenk (’83), PL XLIII. 
8 Fontaine and White (’80), PL XXXVIII. 
9 Schmalhausen (79), p. 50 ; vide also Zeiller (’96). 
10 Kurtz (’94). 
