158 
Notes , 
protoxylem- and phloem-groups. The vascular cylinder was entirely 
enclosed by the endodermis in the normal way, but in one place a cell 
of the endodermis was joined by its uncuticularised tangential wall to 
a complete ring of endodermis external to the central cylinder. No 
Fig. 8. Diagram illustrating the general arrangements of tissues in the transverse 
section of the root of Ruscus sp. Fig. 9. Part of the above more magnified to 
show the endodermis. 
End., endodermis; end. ext., isolated ring of (abnormal) endodermis; cr.par., 
crushed parenchyma; ph., phloem; p. xy ., protoxylem. 
vascular tissue of any kind was present within this ring, the elements 
consisting entirely of crushed parenchyma. 
Further out in the cortex and on the opposite side of the root, 
a small isolated ring of endodermis was present, and this also enclosed 
