Sacckaromyces anomalus {Hansen). 223 
more large vacuoles, and bright refringent granules. Many, 
however, are elongated into pear-shaped cells, or rods: and 
small false mycelia, made up of these forms with a few round 
cells, are plentifully found. (See Fig. 10, a. b. c., from secondary 
films on beer-wort, saccharose-Mayer, and laevulose-Mayer 
respectively). 
Forms of Cells. 
The individual cells of this Yeast are of very different shapes 
and appearance, according to the conditions of growth, age 
of the cell, and other causes. 
In young vigorous cultures the cells are almost entirely 
ellipsoidal or slightly egg-shaped, a few being round. They 
are filled with clear colourless protoplasm and are devoid of 
granules and vacuoles. The cell-wall is not sharply marked 
off from the protoplasm, and single cells on account of their 
homogeneity and transparency can easily be overlooked. This 
form is the actively growing form, and produces buds rapidly. 
Sometimes these buds are detached when still very small, 
this occurring principally in cultures in liquids; they are 
similar in appearance to the larger cells, but on account of 
their very small size look like small Torula- forms. The 
usual size of the cell at the time of budding is 5-7 /a in length, 
4 /a in breadth. In old cultures this form of cell is rare. 
When the cells just described have finished their active 
growth and division by budding, vacuoles begin to be formed 
in their protoplasm, and the cell-wall begins to be more 
sharply marked off from the cell-contents, the cell also 
becoming less transparent. Cells in this stage can be found 
in solutions that are actively fermenting. Later still, the 
cell-wall is sharply marked off from the rest of the cell, one 
or more bright refringent granules are formed, and the colour 
of the cell becomes somewhat brownish. Most of these cells 
are round, and in size vary from 3-5 pt—8*5 [1. Some, however, 
have become elongated to a greater or less extent, and forms 
pear-shaped, rod-like filamentous, or thread-like are produced. 
The length of these sometimes is as much as 17 fq while in 
