Saccharomyces anomalus (Hansen). 225 
The early stages of spore-formation have not been observed 
in detail, but there is no doubt that they are formed by 
repeated bipartition of the protoplasm in two successive 
planes, as in ordinary Yeasts. 
Germination. 
For some time attempts to observe spores in process of 
germination were unsuccessful, apparently owing to my having 
used spores not yet fully ripened. Eventually success was 
attained by using spores developed on pieces of filter-plate, 
the growth on which had been allowed to thoroughly dry. 
Cells from the dried layer were well shaken-up in a tube of 
sterile beer-wort, in order to separate the individual cells 
completely, and then the tube was heated for five minutes at 
55° C. By this procedure the vegetative cells were killed, 
and on making hanging drops of beer-wort gelatine the ger¬ 
mination of the spores could be observed, without being 
obscured by the rapid growth of vegetative cells which would 
have taken place under ordinary circumstances. 
Observations of the germination of several spores show 
that the process can be generally stated as follows: the spore 
begins to swell in about twenty-four hours after sowing 
at 18° C. The time that elapses before swelling begins is, 
however, very variable. During the swelling the spore becomes 
much more transparent than before. It swells until its 
diameter is about double its original size, viz. from 3*5 fx to 7/x. 
A bud is then developed at some point on its surface, the 
position not being constant (Fig. n). While this bud increases 
in size and attains the appearance of an active cell of this 
Yeast, one or more buds are developed at other points of the 
spore. When the buds attain the size of an ordinary cell, 
viz. about 5-7 /x, they in their turn produce buds, and thus 
a small colony is formed, the individual cells of which separate 
as the gelatine immediately surrounding them becomes 
liquefied. 
The fate of the thickened rim of the spore has not been 
