The Development of the Archegonium 
and Fertilization in the Hemlock Spruce 
(Tsuga canadensis, Carr.). 
BY 
WILLIAM A. MURRILL 1 . 
With Plates XXXI and XXXII. 
HE material for these studies has been collected with 
A great regularity for the past three years from a hemlock 
standing alone on the bank of a stream in *an open pasture 
near the University grounds. The tree is well advanced in 
years and has fruited heavily every season. The female 
cones are terminal on the larger horizontal twigs, the male 
cones occurring in great abundance on the smaller ones. At 
pollination, there is no change in the position of the female 
cones; they remain slightly pendent, the scales opening 
a little and receiving the pollen from below as it floats 
upward. Soon after pollination, the pedicels lengthen and 
the cones, which are now considerably heavier, hang directly 
downward. Pollination on a single tree occupies about three 
days, but a week or more elapses before it is completed on 
all the trees of this locality. In 1899 it was at its maximum 
on May 19, in 1900 on May 22. The seasons frequently differ 
more than this. 
1 Read before the Botanical Society of America, at its sixth Annual Meeting in 
New York City, June 28, 1900. 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XIV, No, LVI, December, 1900,] 
