and Fertilization in the Hemlock Spruce. 603 
Fig. 8. (x 200.) A mature archegonium, with three cells in the neck. The 
first division was transverse, and the upper cell afterwards divided longitudinally. 
Fig. 9. ( x 200.) Four neck-cells are present, formed by one longitudinal 
division followed by two oblique ones. The cytoplasm of both cells has divided, 
but no separating walls could be observed. 
Fig. 10. ( x 200.) In this archegonium the four neck-cells are in one row, 
formed by two successive transverse divisions. Beneath the neck is the dis¬ 
organizing ventral canal-cell, and beneath the ventral canal-cell, at the apex of the 
egg, is the nuclear vacuole. The empty vacuole is in another section. At the 
centre of the egg is the large resting nucleus. About the periphery of the egg, 
proteid vacuoles are abundant. The larger granules of cytoplasm are arranged in 
rows radiating from the nucleus^ The contents of the egg have become so dense 
that its reticulum is wellnigh concealed. In many places, also, the reticulum has 
been distorted by denser aggregations of nutritive materials. 
Fig. 11. ( x 200.) This follows Fig. 3 in the order of development, but shows 
a marked increase in the size of the central cell, with a well-formed sheath. The 
nucleus is at the apex of the cell, where it remains until division. Throughout the 
cell-cavity a delicate reticulum has been constructed, which is interrupted at the 
centre of the cell by a large vacuole filled with sap. 
Fig. 12. (x 200.) A later stage in the development of the archegonium. The 
neck-cell has elongated. The central cell has enlarged, and the meshes of its 
reticulum are fast filling with granular food supplies-. The first proteidwacuoles 
have been formed. 
Fig- 13. (x 400.) This figure represents the nucleus of the central cell pre¬ 
paring to divide. Its reticulum has become coarser and stains more deeply, and 
is balled up in the centre of the nuclear cavity in a condition suggesting synapsis. 
The preparations showing this condition are fixed as perfectly as one could desire. 
Beneath the nucleus is a dense fibrous mass closely pressed against the nuclear 
membrane, and sending out radiating fibres into the cytoplasm. 
Fig. 14. ( x 800.) The spindle-fibres are arising in this mass, and growing 
upward against the membrane. 
Fig* 15. (x 800.) A lenticular hyaline area at the upper pole, seen in only 
two or three preparations, but very distinct and apparently perfectly normal. 
Fig. 16. (x 150.) A cross-section of a prothallium containing five archegonia 
of the stage shown in Fig. 12. It will be observed that each archegonium is 
enveloped by its own one-layered sheath. The archegonia are, therefore, ordinarily 
separated by two rows of sheath-cells, but at points where there is some distance 
between the archegonia the cells of the two sheaths have divided to fill the space. 
Between the two upper archegonia in the figure, the sheaths have been crushed to 
a line. This is quite frequently the case where the curved surfaces of the arche¬ 
gonia come nearest together. 
Fig. 17. (x 800.) Following Fig.- 14, and showing the pressing in of the 
nuclear membrane, in the form of blunt protuberances;, by the spindle-fibres origi¬ 
nating below. The chromatin thread is now peripheral and almost continuous, 
though the disks are still far apart. 
Fig. 18. (x 800.) The spindle-fibres have advanced still farther, and pre¬ 
parations are being made within the nuclear cavity for their continuation. 
Segmentation occurs about this tftne, and rows of granules and delicate threads 
connect the chromatic segments with the incoming spindle-fibres. The greater 
