iio Mot tier.—Chondriosomes and the Primordia 
plants. In one instance he refers to leucoplasts occurring in the same cell 
with numerous filaments or rods impregnated with anthocyanin. Referring 
to the epidermis of the young petals of Iris germanica , at a stage when 
the cells possess a central vacuole containing anthocyanin, with the cyto¬ 
plasm and nucleus confined to a peripheral layer, he says ( 13 ): ‘ Dans le 
cytoplasme on distingue, en dehors des chondriocontes en voie de se trans¬ 
former en leuco- ou chromoplastes, de nombreux filaments ou batonnets 
impregnes d’anthocyane.’ 
Guilliermond was among the first to ascribe to the bodies which he 
designated as chondriosomes the morphological rank of unity equal to 
that of the nucleus. 
Anthocyanin, according to Guilliermond ( 13 ), is formed, owing to 
circumstances, either directly as a pigment within the chrondriosome or from 
colourless phenol compounds by oxidation. 
Lowschin (1914), in the young leaves of the rose, and Mirande (1916), 
in those of Azolla filiculoides , trace the pigment, anthocyanin, to its origin 
in chondriosome-like primordia, although these observers differ somewhat 
in regard to the precise manner in which the pigment is produced. 
In certain Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and in the Yeasts, numerous 
granules and rods are present in the cells of the mycelium and conidia 
(.Penicillium ), in the ascus (Pustidaria), and in the basidia of certain auto- 
Basidiomycetes. In Endomyces Magniesii long rod-shaped bodies are found, 
with colourless inclusions, in the enlarged end, giving the body the form of 
a club, and bearing a strong resemblance to the primordia of a leucoplast 
with a starch inclusion. In the fungi also Guilliermond considers the 
£ chondriosome comme un element constant et indispensable de la cellule, 
au me me titre que le noyau ’ (1913, p. 1784 ). 
Janssens and Van de Putte (1913) describe and figure numerous large 
rods, granules, and rows of granules in the young ascus of Pustidaria 
vesiculosa , which bear a striking resemblance to the chondriosomes described 
in the foregoing for Marchantia. When the ascospores are formed, many 
of the rods and granules are included in them. Likewise, relatively very 
large rods and granules are described in the cells of the yeast Saccharo- 
myces cerevisiae , by Janssens and Helsmortel (1913). 
It seems now well established that the primordia of both leucoplasts 
and chloroplasts are morphologically alike. If a difference exists, it is not 
possible at present to distinguish one primordium from another. I am also 
convinced that these primordia are morphological units of the cell, with the 
same rank as the nucleus. In addition to these primordia, there is also 
another organ of the cell to which I have restricted the term chondriosome. 
These are morphologically distinct from leucoplasts and chloroplasts and 
are to be regarded also as permanent organs of the cell. 
If we are now justified in the view that leucoplasts, chloroplasts, and 
