Campbell. — Studies on some East Indian Hepaticae . 323 
maturity there is usually a very much elongated pedicel. This may 
occasionally in D. trichocephala reach a length of 7 cm. or more (Text- 
figs. I, a, 3). 
It is evident that both male and female receptacles are of the 
‘ composite 5 type ; i. e. they are branch systems resulting from the rapid 
and repeated dichotomy of the apex of the shoot which terminates in the 
receptacle. To judge from a somewhat casual study of the young recep¬ 
tacles, they do not differ in any way from those of various other Marchan- 
tiaceae that have been described (see Cavers, 1 Leitgeb, 2 Campbell 3 ). 
In D. trichocephala , which is dioecious as a rule, occasionally specimens 
are met having both male and female receptacles. In such cases the male 
receptacle is first formed, and later, upon an adventitious shoot developed 
from the ventral side of the thallus, near the apex, a carpocephalum may be 
developed. In this species, as Ernst first showed, 4 * 6 androgynous receptacles 
are not infrequently met with (see Text-fig. 2, b). 
D . velutina , according to Schiffner, 5 is always dioecious, and the writer 
has not observed monoecious individuals in this species, nor any androgynous 
receptacles. 
The antheridial receptacles are flattened discs with a more or less 
marked central depression (Text-fig. 4, a). The pedicel is very short. 
On the lower side of the receptacle are formed narrow scales much like 
those near the apex of the sterile branches. The antheridia are developed 
in acropetal succession from the several marginal growing points of the 
receptacle, arising from the dichotomy of the original shoot-apex. There is 
considerable displacement of the older antheridia, so that they are not 
arranged in such definite radiating rows as is the case in Marchantia . 
The development of the antheridium is much as in other Marchan- 
tiaceae. 6 The somewhat elongated papillate mother-cell, after cutting off 
a basal cell, as in Marchantia, is divided first by transverse walls into 
three or four superimposed cells. Each of these (except the terminal one) 
then divides, by intersecting vertical walls, into four, and these, by the 
formation of periclinals, are separated into the inner spermatogenic tissue, 
and the outer layer of sterile cells constituting the antheridium wall (Text- 
fig. 4, B-E). 
The stalk-cell undergoes numerous transverse divisions, with an 
occasional longitudinal division in the upper cells, and a slender stalk is 
1 Cavers, F.: The Inter-relationships of the Bryophyta. New Phytologist, Reprint, No. 4, 
Cambridge, 1911. 
2 Leitgeb: loc. cit. 3 Campbell: loc. cit. 
4 Ernst: Uber androgyne Inflorescenzen bei Dumortiera. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch., xxv, 
1906, pp. 455- 6 4- 
6 Schiffner : Die Hepaticae der Flora von Buitenzorg, xxvi. Leiden, 1900. 
6 Strasburger: Die Geschlechtsorgane und die Befruchtung bei Marchantia polymorpha. 
Pringsh. Jahrb., v, 1866-7, p. 297. Campbell: loc. cit., pp. 49-53. 
