260 
MEMBRA CIDJE. 
gradually to the apex, which exceeds the length of the abdomen. This last is 
robust and heavy, and ends in large valves, which in the female contain the 
excavating saws. 
Colour bright ochreous on the metopidium and behind the suprahumerals, the 
rest pitchy-brown. Tegmina ample and fusco-hyaline, with strong brown neuration, 
the dark colour is particularly seenon the costal border. The wing of this specimen 
was defective, but there appeared to be four (perhaps live) apical and only two 
long discoidal areas. Legs ferruginous and hairy. 
Size, 10 x 5 mm. 
Habitat .—Paramba ; Ecuador. 
Taken in the dry season of March. 
Rosenberg Collection. 
LARVAE OF CENTROTIDvE. 
I will conclude my illustrations with the figures of several larval forms, which 
are remarkable, as they so little foreshadow the external characters of the future 
imagoes. They seem to be as uncouth and bizarre in form as are some of the perfect 
insects, and they appear to have already commenced their tentative (?) stages of 
mimicking other things. 
Trustworthy figures and descriptions of Pupae and Larvae of insects which undergo 
distinct metamorphoses are much to be prized; the biology of species in fact is 
not complete without such. Immature forms, when understood, may possibly 
suggest to the student some distant Phylum, from which a given family group may 
have sprung by some process of evolution. 
Unfortunately the zoologist has often very little time or opportunity for field 
and forest study in distant countries. Thus it happens that the foetal conditions, or 
forms, which we may consider somewhat analogous to such, in the Membracidae, are 
almost specifically unknown. 
A few of such examples are here introduced, with an apology for the slight 
information yet obtained, as to even the species which the adult insects represent. 
In the introduction to this monograph I have made a fesv observations as to the 
early development of these insects. Perhaps the first published notes were made 
by Dr. EL. J. Scheller, and on Plate P, figs. 15, 16, and 17 of the present work, will 
be found enlarged drawings of the illustrations he gives us; also Plate I. figs. 4-4b, 
represent the larva and pupa of Membracis foliata , and on Plate II. fig. 4a, the 
singular fan-like larvae of Membracis continua. This peculiar development of the 
pronotum is likewise shown in the pupae, figures 13 and 14, on my last Plate LX. 
