282 MEANING OF EH APES AND COLOURS OF THE MEMBRA ClD HZ. 
seem also to be mimetic, as a glance at Plates XXXT. and XXXII. will suggest. The 
model of Combophora beskii (Plate XXXI., Figs. 1 and 2) appears to be a Coecinella or a 
Coccinella- like beetle. But the pattern is so strongly developed and conspicuous as 
to raise the suspicion of independent unpalatability and Mullerian association. The 
simple effective Coccinelloid type of pattern and colouring is probably easity reached 
by variation and selection, and is certainly prone to attract specially protected forms 
of the most varied affinities into synaposematic groups (see Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1902, p. 520, and P.Z.S. 1902, pp. 268, 270). Another very conspicuous species 
of the genus Combophora, viz., C. tridensis, is also represented (Plate XXXI., Figs. 5, 5a). 
The appearance, together with that of the form of C. beskii, shown in Fig. 2, suggests 
an example of warning colours or mimicry, and the same interpretation probably 
holds for the other types of colouration represented in Plate XXXI.—the species of 
Combophora, shown in Figures 3, 6, and 7, and Anchistrotm obesus, seen in Fig. 4. As 
regards the latter the white patch on the dark tegmina seems especially suggestive 
of mimicry or warning colours. 
Looking back on the Darnince we are led to believe that at least much of the 
mimicry in the group is Mullerian rather than Batesian, because of the tendency of 
the resemblances to appear throughout whole genera, and because the colours and 
patterns of many species have a marked conspicuousness of their own. 
The small fourth sub-family, the Tragopince, is illustrated on Plates XXXII. and 
XXXIII. by the genera Trap op a, Chelyoidea , and Horiola. The group is probably 
mimetic, as Mr. Buckton suggests on p. 155 ; but the conspicuous distasteful groups 
among the Neotropical Bhynchota, as well as Coleoptera, should be investigated 
for probable models. The shapes shown in Plate XXXII., Figs. 8 and 9, and Plate 
XXXIII., Figs, la and 2, seem especially likely to resemble those of other distasteful 
Bhynchota. Here too the Mullerian interpretation seems the more probable. 
The fifth sub-family, the Smiliinre, is a very large one. The most remarkable of 
all the species of this remarkable section of the Homoptera are to be found here in 
Cyphonia, and in the genera Bocydium and Ob da, placed by Mr. Buckton between the 
SmiliincB and the Cenirotidce. 
The remarkable combination of filaments and dilated spheres developed by the 
pronotum in certain species of the genus Cyphonia (Plate XXXIII., Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 
7a), may be compared with the still more extraordinary and complex structures in 
Bocydium (Plate XLV., Figs. 6, 7, and 8 ; Plate XLVI., Figs. 1, 2, and 2a). In the 
absence of observations on the spot, the most probable interpretation is to suppose 
a cryptic resemblance to some vegetable structure, such as a spined fruit or seed 
specially adapted for anchorage in the fur of animals ; or some complex development 
of thorn or spine. When we consider how far the Neotropical. Region surpasses the 
