MEMBRA CIDJE. 
23 
Membracis foliata , M. lunatci , and Enchenopa lanceolata, appear, as to the first and 
second species, to congregate either “in thousands or by twenties or more on the 
upper boughs of trees.” In a general way, night seems to be the usual time for 
disclosure from the egg, when they appear white, and soft in consistence, but speedily 
(within an hour) they harden. 
They hatch in Surinam early in January or February, and are covered with a white 
powder, which is easily rubbed off in the more mature insects. 
In all the above cases the larvae have every ring of the abdomen, except the last, 
furnished with a pair of reddish bristle-like processes, which, afterwards, in the pupae, 
start from black spots. Scheller counted seven double rows in these larvae, representing 
the abdominal rings. 
The pupae are drawn with prominent wing-cases, and these are also shown in the 
figures of the larvae; but doubts may be expressed here as to the accuracy of the 
draughtsman employed by Scheller in thus showing them. 
The descriptions of the imagos are virtually those given of specimens in the Kijks’ 
museum at Amsterdam. 
These three species of Membracidae are described as being very active in their 
movements, both springing and flying from their bushes, on the approach of an 
observer. This active habit is also testified by Dr. Micklejc an to the present author 
who often observed the flight of Bocydium clavatum in Brazil. 
Though this insect is curiously weighted on the head by large balls, he did not 
notice that its progress through the air was clumsy, or even confined to a mere 
floating suspension. 
The larvae and nymphs are stationary in habit, or they move slowly from place to 
place. 
When the complete insect emerges, it leaves a perfectly formed slough behind it 
which Scheller describes in one of his figures (c.), “as the skin out of which ‘the 
full grown jumper ’ has crept.”* 
When the winged insects emerge from their exuviae they appear almost colourless? 
but the brown and black banding within three days appears, and the horny pronotal 
crest consolidates rapidly. 
A few ants were found in attendance on the larvae of Enchenopa lanceolata , and 
these ants were thought to be in quest of sweet drops secreted from pores—a juice 
similar to the honeydew of Aphides, and shed by some Cercopidae and Psyllidae. 
Nymph .-—-A distinction should be made between the pupa which strictly should be 
quiescent, and the locomotive “ stadium ” or stage of development, designated by the 
term Nymph. This last condition is represented in the Cicadidae, Fulgoridae, and 
* See Tijdschrift voor Entom. di Nederlandsche, 1868-18G9, pp. 217-220. 
