26 
MEMBRA Cl DAE. 
soft tissues of the bark of vegetables, and thus a larger flow of sap to the 
parts pierced is produced, (at) Antenna of the same. 
Fig. 10. Dorsal view of upper half of Membracis alt a with the pronotum removed 
— (at) Process of attachment for the pronotum; (ty) tegmina; (b) bulla or 
tubercles of the meso- and the meta-notum. The abdominal rings are seen 
below. 
Fig. 11. Similar parts seen in profile of Umbonia orozimbo-(j)r) Pronotal attach¬ 
ment; (b) large meta-notal tubercle ; ( tg ) tegmen. 
Fig. 12. Similar parts of TJmbonia orozimbo — (sc) The scutellum. As the presence 
of this part of the notum is used in the grouping and classification of the genera 
of Membracida, its indications below the pronotum are important for study. 
Fig. 13. The pronotum, in its entirety, removed from the body of Hemiptychapunctata 
—The upper part is studded with clear transparent dots. The large supra- 
lnimeral horns are hollow; (ap) the aperture which embraces what may be con¬ 
sidered as the neck, just behind the head of the insect; (s) a septum or fine 
horny division which divides the posterior space and encloses the abdomen and 
part of the wings. 
Fig. 14. Part of the valves of the female of Umbonia spinosa as seen expanded under 
gentle pressure— (v) The valves or scales enveloping the central rasp (?) and the 
two cutting plates or saws (?) which here do not appear to be serrated. 
Fig. 15. The male organs of Stictopelta bipunctata — (a) One of the hooked styles or 
claspers; (b) the basal plate composed of two joints ; ( c ) The caudal process; 
(p) the penis. 
Fig. 16. The last abdominal ring of the female of Umbonia spinosa seen from 
underneath. The parts shown in Fig. 14 may be dissected out of the cleft 
situate within the outer valves. They have not been shown in this outline. 
Fig. 17. Part of the front leg of Membracis mexicana, showing the complex form of 
the tarsus. The foot ends with two flaps which enclose the minute claws. 
There is a gland at the extremity of the tibia, the significance of which is not 
obvious. 
Fig. 18. The last tarsal joints of the middle leg of Membracis mexicana. They are 
very pilose, and difficult to separate into their true articulations. The two claws 
here are obvious. 
Fig. 19. The complete middle leg of Membracis Jtaveola — (c) The flattened coxa; 
(tr) trochanter; (/) femur ; (tb) tibia and (t) tarsus. The flattened part is an 
expansion of the sides of the tibia. 
Fig. 20. The first, second and third legs of Hemiptycha punctata , showing under the 
same amplification the tarsal joints, which increase in length and development 
