244 NUTMEGS. 
The bark of some kinds of willow has been applied, 
with effect, as a substitute for Peruvian bark, in the 
cure of intermittent fevers. It has also been esteemed 
useful in the tanning of leather; and, in combination 
with alder, for striking a deep black colour, in the dye- 
ing of linen. 
The bark of other species may be manufactured 
into paper. In the year 1788, Mr. Greaves of 
Milbank, near Warrington, Lancashire, made fifteen 
reams of coarse paper from the bark of withen twigs, 
intermixed with a few nettles. The latter, however, 
he afterwards discovered, would better have been 
Jeft out, as there was in them a woody substance, which 
does not well incorporate with other vegetables. The 
paper he made was considerably cheaper than paper of 
equal size and thickness made from ropes ; and it was 
found that pasteboard, for book covers, made of withen 
bark, would be much cheaper than similar pasteboard 
manufactured from ropes. The process by which this 
paper and pasteboard were manufactured was as follows; 
the bark was stripped from the twigs in September, the 
time at which they are usually cut for making white 
baskets; it was then hackled, like flax or hemp, and 
dried in the sun, which gave it somewhat the appear- 
ance of brown hemp: but this having been attended 
with considerable trouble, other parts of the bark were 
dried with the leaves, as they were stripped off from the 
twigs, and were then submitted to the operation of the 
paper-mill. 
The flowering branches of one species, the common 
sallow (Salix cineria), are called palms, and are gathered 
by children, in many parts of England, on Palm Sunday. 
TRIANDRIA. 
256. NUTMEGS are the kernels of a fruit produced in 
several islands of the East Indies. 
They are each surrounded by the spice called mace, and, 
externally, by a husk about half an inch in thickness, which 
has somewhat the appearance of a small peach (Fig, 80). 
