26 
in different classes, whereas TOURNEFORT places them 
along with hemp, the hop, spinach, Mercurialis etc., in 
one section. Again, Pyrola and water-lilies differ so 
much in ARTEDI'S view that they are referred to quite 
separate classes, but TOURNEFORT crowds them into one 
section along with Hypericum or St. John's wort. Sim- 
ilarly, he gives in one section Geranium, Caltha, Spi- 
rcea and others, for each of which ARTEDI reserves a 
special section. 
Though some of ARTEDI'S classifications seem to a 
modern botanist strange in the extreme, yet it should 
be borne in mind that TOURNEFORT, a very renowned 
specialist in botany, had only shortly before committed 
what, from a modern point of view, must be regarded 
as blunders of a still more astonishing character. The 
few details briefly given above will suffice to show that 
in this first performance of his in the department of 
botany, ARTEDI gives clear evidence of having followed 
up independent lines of thought and of being endowed 
with considerable talent as a system atiser. His work, 
however, in this field was, as a matter of course, with- 
out any effect upon the development of botanical re- 
search, for there was never published anything by his 
hand on this subject save the short suggestion as to the 
classification of the Umbelliferae according to the pre- 
sence and occurrence of the involucral leaves, which 
found a place in the first edition of LINNAEUS' "Systema 
Naturae". 
Quite otherwise is the state of things we find on 
turning to Zoology. In that science ARTEDI achieved 
foundational work, quite comparable in many respects 
to what LJNN^US effected in the science of Botany. The 
"Ichthyologia", by ARTEDI, consists of five sections, the 
contents of which it is here proposed briefly to enumer- 
ate and describe. The first bears the title, "Biblio- 
theca Ichthyologica". In it the author gives us a criti- 
cal and analytical review of the literature on Fishes 
from the earliest times, as" far as he was acquainted 
with it; he commences with "Linus Poeta apud Theba- 
