24 
give to posterity the works of his friend ARTEDI. They 
appeared in Leyden in 1738, under the title "Petri Ar- 
tedi Sveci, Medici Ichthyologia she Opera Omnia de 
Piscibus", and have assured to ARTEDI for all time the 
honour of being the Father or Founder of the Science 
of Ichthyology; they possess, however, a still greater 
import in the history of the development of zoological 
science generally, as will be seen from what follows. 
In order to arrive at a just estimate of the work 
achieved by ARTEDI and its significance in the history 
of scientific investigation, it is essential for us to keep 
in mind three factors materially bearing upon the mat- 
ter, viz. the general standpoint of natural science at the 
time he began to study it, the great difficulties and ob- 
stacles he had to contend with and surmount in the 
pursuit of learning, and the early age at which he died. 
The first work he produced, dealing, it will be remem- 
bered, with the flora of Nordmaling, was not published 
until the present year; practically speaking it has, as 
might be conjectured, only a historical interest; it con- 
tains, certainly, an excellent account of the Nordmaling 
flora of that time, and the names of certain Swedish 
plants that are given in it are of interest just now, when 
the subject of nomenclature is being so much debated; 
its form, too, lends it a certain degree of linguistic in- 
terest from the quaint phonetic spelling adopted, though 
that by no means constitutes its only claim to our no- 
tice. It is plainly a reflex of the works of the celebrated 
botanist TOURNEFORT, more especially of his "Institu- 
tiones Rei Herbaria?" (Paris, 1700), to which reference is 
made in it. Though we can unmistakably discern that 
TOURNEFORT'S system formed the basis of ARTEDI'S work, 
it would be an error to suppose that the Swedish natu- 
ralist blindly followed his French forerunner. It is true 
that, in the works of both, the classes that embrace 
trees and bushes occur by themselves and separated 
from the classes of the herbaceous phanerogams which 
include the cryptogams, but wftfcreas TOURNEFORT finishes 
up with trees and bushes, ARTEDI begins with them, 
