344 
ANNUAL REPORT OF NEW YORK 
ship of Yarmouth, the farmers discovered another species of ich¬ 
neumon, which deposit their eggs in the larv®. One of these is 
very small, black and shining; the other is also black, with red 
feet and blunt tail. These are often mistaken for the wheat fly ; 
but as it has only two wings, while they have four , the distinc¬ 
tion is obvious. To observe the proceedings of the ichneumons, 
place a number of the larvse of the wheat fly on a sheet of paper, 
and set a female ichneumon in the midst of them; she soon poun¬ 
ces upon her victim, and intensely vibrating her antennae, bend¬ 
ing herself obliquely, plunges her ovipositor into the body of the 
larvae, depositing in it a single egg. She will then pass to a 
second, and so on, depositing a single egg in each. You will 
observe the maggot writhing in seeming agony, when sometimes 
the fly stings them three times. 
“ These ichneumons appear in myriads on the outside of the 
ear; but, as impatient of bright light, sheltering them from the 
sun’s rays among the husks.” 
ESSAY ON PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE. 
To the Gentlemen of the JVew York State Agricultural Society : 
Gentlemen — Prom our newspapers, I see that fatal disease 
pleuro-pneumonia has reached your State, and no doubt will be 
as bad as it has been in many countries it has passed through in 
its progress for the last twenty years, at least, westwards. The 
first we heard of it, was that it broke out among the cattle fol¬ 
lowing the Russian armies when they invaded Turkey. That in¬ 
vasion terminated in the treaty at Adrianople — their army being 
so reduced by disease among men, horses and cattle, they could 
proceed no further, though Constantinople was almost in their 
grasp — it spread on their return through all the countries they' 
passed. Hungary was the first country from which we had accounts 
of it — in it the cattle were nearly annihilated. It gradually 
came westward, was many years before it reached Holland; pro¬ 
hibitory laws were passed by the Russian, French and other 
governments, to prevent the introduction of cattle, skins, hair, 
&c., into their territories from the adjoining countries where the 
disease existed. Most of the skins found their way to England. 
During the time it was prevalent in Holland, the Secretary of the 
Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland, had communications 
with the Board of Trade on the importation of diseased cattle, 
(the tariff being altered, and free importation allowed,) but that 
