164 
AFRICA AND ITS EXPLORATION. 
and pride exceed belief; tlie Marabouts , or priests ; the 
Zenagues , tributary to the Hassanes; the Laratines; 
and the slaves. 
The Zenagues are a miserable class, despised by all 
the others, but especially by the Hassanes, to whom 
they pay a tribute, which is of variable amount, and is 
never considered enough. They do *all the work, both 
industrial and agricultural, and rear all the cattle. 
“ In spite of my efforts,” says Caillie, “ I could find 
out nothing about the origin of this people, or ascertain 
how they came to be reduced to pay tribute to other 
Moors. When I asked them any questions about this, 
they said it was God’s will. Can they be a remnant of 
a conquered tribe ; and if so, how is it that no tradition 
on the subject is retained amongst them ? I do not 
think they can be, for the Moors, proud as they are of 
their origin, never forget the names of those who have 
brought credit to their families ; and were such the. case, 
the Zenagues, who form the majority of the population, 
and are skilful warriors, would rise under the leadership 
of one of their chiefs, and fiing off the yoke of 
servitude.” 
In May, 1825, Caillie returned to St. Louis. Baron 
Roger was absent, and his representative was by no 
means friendly. 
The intrepid Caillie was not, however, to be dis¬ 
couraged. As he obtained neither encouragement nor 
help from the Colonial Government, he went to Sierra 
Leone, where the governor, who did not wish to deprive 
Major Laing of the credit of being the first to arrive at 
Timbuctoo, rejected his proposals. 
In the management of an indigo factory, Caillie soon 
saved money to the extent of two thousand francs, a 
sum which appeared to him sufficient to carry him to 
the end of the world. He lost no time in purchasing 
the necessary merchandise, and joined some Man dingoes 
and “ seracolets,” or wandering African merchants. He 
told them, under the seal of secrecy, that he had been 
born in Egypt of Arab parents, taken to France at an 
early age, and sent to Senegal to look after the business 
