AFRICAN EXPLORERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 211 
first journey lie reached Wady Haifa, and for his second 
trip he made that place his starting-point. A fortunate 
accident did much to aid his researches. This was the 
appointment of Ismail Pacha, son of Mehemet Ali, to 
the command of an expedition to Nubia. To this expe¬ 
dition Cailliaud attached himself. 
Leaving Daraou in November, 1820, Cailliaud arrived, 
on the 5th January in the ensuing year, at Dongola, and 
RUINS IN UPPER EGYPT. 
reached Mount Barka in the Chaguy country, where are 
a vast number of ruins of temples, pyramids, and other 
monuments. The fact of this district bearing the name 
of Merawe had given rise to an opinion that in it was 
situated the ancient capital of Ethiopia. Cailliaud was 
enabled to show this to be erroneous. 
The French explorer, accompanying Ismail Pacha 
in the character of a mineralogist beyond Berber, on a 
