228 
AFRICA AND ITS EXPLORATION. 
On one occasion they were surrounded by furious Ajawa 
or Waiyau, a tribe who carried on slave raids, who closed 
on the party and threatened to annihilate them. In self- 
defence the latter were compelled to fire, when the Ajawa 
fled precipitately. This was the first time Livingstone 
had ever to fire in self-defence, and the lives of himself 
and companions depended upon the course he took. He has 
been blamed for the subsequent misfortunes of the mission 
party, and was accused of instigating the bishop to resort 
to force. This has been amply refuted, and the whole 
career of Livingstone in Africa belies such an accusation. 
He strongly advised the bishop not to interfere in native 
quarrels, but subsequently admitted that no other course 
was open to the missionaries in some instances. The 
bishop and his party settled in the highlands of Magomero 
to the south of Lake Shirwa, and Livingstone returned 
to the ship. From August to November was spent in 
exploring Lake Nyassa. While the boat sailed up the 
west side of the lake to near the north end, Livingstone 
marched along the shore. Here they had still further 
evidence of the extent and horrors of the slave trade, 
in burned villages, wasted crops, and multitudes of dead 
bodies and skeletons. Moreover, as they approached the 
north end they found the terrible Mazitu abroad pillag¬ 
ing, burning, and killing, and Livingstone returned more 
resolved than ever to do his utmost to rouse the civilised 
world to put down the desolating trade. He found 
that the Arabs carried on a regular traffic in slaves 
between the interior and the coast by way of the lake, 
those reaching their destination being but a small part 
of all captured ; the rest died or were slaughtered by 
the way. On January 30, at the Zambesi mouth, Living¬ 
stone welcomed his wife and the ladies of the mission, 
with whom were the sections of the Lady Nyassa, a river 
steamer which Livingstone had had built at his own ex¬ 
pense, absorbing most of the profits of his book, and for 
which he never got any allowance. When the mission 
ladies reached the mouth of the Euo tributary of the 
Shire, they were stunned to hear of the bishop’s death 
and that of Mr. Burrup. This was a sad blow to Living- 
