230 
AFRICA AND ITS EXPLORATION. 
the lake. Meanwhile a letter was received from Earl 
Russell recalling the expedition by the end of the year, 
and in the wisdom of this step Livingstone quite coin¬ 
cided, seeing that the Portuguese, by their encouragement 
of the slave trade, had rendered the main object of 
the expedition futile. In the end of April, 1864, he 
reached Zanzibar in the Lady Nyassa, and on the 30th 
he set out with nine natives and four Europeans for 
Bombay, he himself being the only one capable of navi¬ 
gating the ship, and at first of even attending to the 
engines. Bombay was reached after an adventurous 
voyage of a month, and on July 23 Livingstone arrived 
in England. Livingstone was naturally disappointed 
with the results of this expedition, all its leading objects 
being thwarted through no blame of his. For the un- 
fortunate disagreements which occurred, and for which 
he was blamed in some quarters, he must be held ac¬ 
quitted, as he was by the authorities at home; though 
it is not necessary to maintain that Livingstone was 
exempt from the trying effects on the temper of African 
fever, or from the intolerance of lukewarmness which 
belongs to all exceptionally strong natures. Still, the 
results at the time, and especially those of the future, 
were great. The geographical results, though not in 
extent to be compared to those of his first and his final 
expeditions, were of the first importance, as w T ere those 
in various departments of science. How manifold and 
important these were will be seen in the ‘ Narrative of 
an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries,’ pub¬ 
lished in 1865. More important perhaps than all was 
the insight he obtained into the enormities of the slave 
trade, his exposure of which led to more strenuous efforts 
on the part of England. Mackenzie’s attempt to estab 
lish a mission failed, but to-day the shores of Lake 
Nyassa and the Shire are dotted with mission stations, 
which, in spite of some mismanagement, have done good 
work, and that too in a direction of which Livingstone 
would approve. 
By Murchison and his other staunch friends Living¬ 
stone was as warmly welcomed as ever. When Murchison 
