LIVINGSTONE. 
239 
In spite of liis sufferings and the many compulsory 
delays, Livingstone’s discoveries during these last years 
were both extensive and of prime importance as leading 
to a solution of African hydrography. No single African 
explorer has ever done so much for African geography 
as Livingstone during his thirty years’ work. His 
travels covered one-third of the continent, extending 
from the Cape to near the equator, and from the Atlantic 
to the Indian Ocean. Livingstone was no hurried 
traveller; he did his journeying leisurely, carefully 
observing and recording all that was worthy of note, 
studying the ways of the people, eating their food, 
living in their huts, and sympathising with their joys 
and sorrows. It will be long till the tradition of his 
sojourn dies out among the native tribes, who, almost 
without exception, treated Livingstone as a superior 
being ; his treatment of them was always tender, gentle, 
and gentlemanly. But the direct gains to geography 
and science are perhaps the greatest results of Living¬ 
stone’s journeys. He conceived, developed, and carried 
out a noble and many-sided purpose, with an unflinching 
and self-sacrificing energy, courage, and success, that 
entitle him to take rank among the great and strong 
who single-handed have been able materially to influence 
human progress, and the development of knowledge. 
His example and his death have acted like an inspira¬ 
tion, filling Africa with an army of explorers and mis¬ 
sionaries, and raising in Europe so powerful a feeling 
• against the slave trade that it may be considered as 
having received its deathblow. Personally Livingstone 
was a pure and tender-hearted man, full of humanity 
and sympathy, simple-minded as a child. The motto of 
his life was the advice he gave to some school children 
in Scotland—“Fear God, and work hard.” Livingstone 
spent nearly all he had on Africa, and left little or 
nothing for his family. 
