393 
The Sources of Nectar and Pollen 
Asters, Sunflower, Spanish Needle, Sage Brush, Fireweed, 
Thistle, Canada Thistle and Spikeweed. This is a most 
important family from the standpoint of the beekeeper. 
Thoroughwort; see Boneset. 
Tickseed; see Spanish Needle. 
Tiliaceae ; see Linden family. 
Ti-ti, leatherwood, iron-wood, Cyrilla racemiflora. Evergreen shrub 
to 35 feet, flowers small, white in narrow racemes. May— 
July, I< ebruary—March in Florida. Honey red, flavor strong, 
good only for baking. Virginia to Florida to Texas, of value 
chiefly in Georgia and Florida. Not a reliable source, as the 
nectar is washed out by rains, which are frequent during 
blooming period in Florida. Precedes tupelo in Appalaehicola 
region. Black ti-ti, Cliftonia sp., blooms later and is more 
reliable. 
Tobacco, Nicotina Tabacum. Nectar locally, especially in Con¬ 
necticut, honey fair. 
Tree of heaven; see Ailanthus. 
Trumpet-creeper family, Bignoniacete; see Catalpa and Desert 
Willow. 
Tule, Scirpus sp. 
Reported as a 
honey-plant 
from interior 
valleys of Cal¬ 
ifornia ; proba¬ 
bly incorrect. 
Tulip or yellow 
poplar, poplar, 
white wood, 
cucumber tree, 
tulip tree, Li- 
riodendron Tu- 
lipifera (Fig. 
160). Tree to 
175 feet, flow¬ 
ers 2 inches 
wide, resem¬ 
bling tulips, 
greenish yel¬ 
low, orange 
inside. May—June. Honey dark amber, of pronounced 
flavor. In woods, eastern half of United States. Especially 
abundant in Ohio Valley and southern Appalachian moun¬ 
tains. An unusually heavy and reliable yielder. 
Fio. 160. — Tulip poplar. 
